Lilit
лик у јеврејској митологији
Lilit (hebr. לִילִית) mesopotamski je ženski demon noći. Ona je prvobitno bila sumerski i vavilonski sukubus (demon koji uzima oblik žene i sa muškarcima ima polni odnos dok oni spavaju), koji je kasnije stopljen sa Lamashtu, demonom koji ubija mušku decu.[1][2]
Lilit | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Mesto rođenja | Raj |
Lilit je demonska figura u judaističkoj mitologiji, navodno iskonski ženski `demon i alternativno prva Adamova žena. Pretpostavlja se da se ona pominje na biblijskom hebrejskom u Isaiji 34:14, a potom u kasnoj antici u mandejskom gnosticizmu i jevrejskim mitološkim izvorima od 500. godine naovamo. Lilit se pojavljuje u istoriolasu (inkantacije koje uključuju kratku mitsku priču) u različitim konceptima i lokalitetima[3] koji je delimično opisuju. Ona se pominje u Vavilonskom Talmudu,[4] u Knjizi Adama i Eve kao prva Adamova žena, a u zoharskom Levitskom zakonu 19a kao „vrela vatrena žena koja je prvo živela sa čovekom".[5]
U srednjem veku se pojavljuje ideja o Lilit kao prvoj Adamovoj ženi. U midrašu Alfabet Ben Sira (oko 10. veka) ona je Adamova prva žena u raju, koja je stvorena od prašine da bi njemu bila ravna. U Knjizi o Postanju 1:27 piše: „I stvori Bog čoveka po obličju Svojemu, po obličju Božijem stvori ga; muško i žensko stvori ih“ (pre opisa stvaranja Eve od Adamovog rebra u 2:22) Odavde neki izvode zaključak da je Lilit stvorena u istom trenutku kad i Adam.
Lilit je kasnije svojevoljno napustila Rajski vrt (Edenski vrt) odbijajući da se potčini Adamu i bila je zamenjena Evom.
Reference uredi
- ^ Walter Farber, in Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie (RLA), 7, Berlin, de Gruyter. 1990. ISBN 3-11-010437-7. str. 23–24.
- ^ Manfred Hutter, Lilith, in K. van der Toorn et al. (eds.), Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, Leiden, Brill. 1999. ISBN 90-04-11119-0. str. 520–521.
- ^ Christa Müller-Kessler, "Lilit(s) in der aramäisch-magischen Literatur der Spätantike," in Altorientalische Forschungen28, 2001, pp. 338–352.
- ^ Eruvin 100b, Niddah 24b, Shabbat 151b, Baba Bathra 73a
- ^ Gustav Davidson, A Dictonary of Angels including the Fallen Angels, New York, The Free Press, 1971, p. 174.
Literatura uredi
- Vodič kroz svetske religije, Mirča Elijade
- Talmudic References: b. Erubin 18b; b. Erubin 100b; b. Nidda 24b; b. Shab. 151b; b. Baba Bathra 73a–b
- Kabbalist References: Zohar 3:76b–77a; Zohar Sitrei Torah 1:147b–148b; Zohar 2:267b; Bacharach,'Emeq haMelekh, 19c; Zohar 3:19a; Bacharach,'Emeq haMelekh, 102d–103a; Zohar 1:54b–55a
- Dead Sea Scroll References: 4QSongs of the Sage/4QShir; 4Q510 frag.11.4–6a//frag.10.1f; 11QPsAp
- Lilith: The Real Story Rabbi Menachem Levine, Aish.com
- Lilith Bibliography, Jewish and Christian Literature, Alan Humm ed., 23. april 2024..
- Charles Fossey, La Magie Assyrienne, Paris: 1902.
- Siegmund Hurwitz, Lilith, die erste Eva: eine Studie über dunkle Aspekte des Weiblichen. Zürich: Daimon Verlag, 1980, 1993. English tr. Hurwitz, Siegmund (1999). Lilith, the First Eve: Historical and Psychological Aspects of the Dark Feminine. Prevod: Gela Jacobson. Einsiedeln, Switzerland: Daimon Verlag. ISBN 3-85630-545-9. Proverite vrednost paramet(a)ra za datum:
|year= / |date= mismatch(pomoć). - Siegmund Hurwitz, Lilith Switzerland: Daminon Press, 1992. Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1966.
- Samuel Noah Kramer, Gilgamesh and the Huluppu-Tree: A reconstructed Sumerian Text. (Kramer's Translation of the Gilgamesh Prologue), Assyriological Studies of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago 10, Chicago: 1938.
- Raphael Patai, Adam ve-Adama, tr. as Man and Earth; Jerusalem: The Hebrew Press Association, 1941–1942.
- Raphael Patai, The Hebrew Goddess, 3rd enlarged edition New York: Discus Books, 1978.
- Archibald Sayce, Hibbert Lectures on Babylonian Religion 1887.
- Schwartz, Howard, Lilith's Cave: Jewish tales of the supernatural, San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988.
- R. Campbell Thompson, Semitic Magic, its Origin and Development, London: 1908.
- Isaiah, chapter 34 Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (7. јул 2011). New American Bible
- Augustin Calmet, (1751) Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. 2016. ISBN 978-1-5331-4568-0.
- Jeffers, Jen (2017) „Finding Lilith: The Most Powerful Hag In History”. The Raven Report.[mrtva veza]
- Albenda, Pauline (2005). „The "Queen of the Night" Plaque: A Revisit”. Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 125 (2): 171—190. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 20064325.
- Barrelet, Marie-Thérèse (1952). „A Propos d'une Plaquette Trouvée a Mari”. Syria: Revue d'Art Oriental et d'Archéologie (na jeziku: francuski). Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Greuthner. XXIX (3): 285—293. doi:10.3406/syria.1952.4791.
- Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia, an Illustrated Dictionary. (illustrations by Tessa Rickards). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70794-0.
- "British Museum collection database" Queen of the Night/Burney Relief website page, accessed Feb 7, 2016
- Collon, Dominique (2005). The Queen of the Night. British Museum Objects in Focus. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-7141-5043-7.
- Collon, Dominique (2007). „Iconographic Evidence for some Mesopotamian Cult Statues”. Ur.: Groneberg, Brigitte; Spieckermann, Hermann. Die Welt der Götterbilder. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. 376. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. str. 57—84. ISBN 978-3-11-019463-0.
- Collon, Dominique (2007b). „The Queen Under Attack – A rejoinder”. Iraq. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq. 69: 43—51. JSTOR 25608646. S2CID 192937380. doi:10.1017/S0021088900001042.
- Curtis, J.E.; Collon, D (1996). „Ladies of Easy Virtue”. Ur.: H. Gasche; Barthel Hrouda. Collectanea Orientalia: Histoire, Arts de l'Espace, et Industrie de la Terre. Civilisations du Proche-Orient: Series 1 - Archéologie et Environment. CDPOAE 3. Recherches et Publications. str. 89—95. ISBN 2-940032-09-2.
- Davis, Frank (13. 6. 1936). „A puzzling "Venus" of 2000 B.C.: a fine Sumerian relief in London”. The Illustrated London News. 1936 (5069): 1047.
- Frankfort, Henri (1937). „The Burney Relief”. Archiv für Orientforschung. 12: 128—135.
- Gadd, C. J. (1933). „Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet XII”. Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale. XXX: 127—143.
- Jacobsen, Thorkild (1987). „Pictures and pictorial language (the Burney Relief)”. Ur.: Mindlin, M.; Geller, M.J.; Wansbrough, J.E. Figurative Language in the Ancient Near East. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. str. 1—11. ISBN 0-7286-0141-9.
- Kaelin, Oskar (2006). "Modell Ägypten" Adoption von Innovationen im Mesopotamien des 3. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, Series Archaeologica (na jeziku: nemački). 26. Fribourg: Academic Press Fribourg. ISBN 978-3-7278-1552-2.
- Kraeling, Emil G. (1937). „A Unique Babylonian Relief”. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 67 (67): 16—18. JSTOR 3218905. S2CID 164141131. doi:10.2307/3218905.
- McCown, Donald E.; Haines, Richard C.; Hansen, Donald P. (1978). Nippur I, Temple of Enlil, Scribal Quarter, and Soundings. Oriental Institute Publications. LXXXVII. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. str. pl. 142:8, 142:10. ISBN 978-0-226-55688-8.
- Opitz, Dieter (1936). „Die vogelfüssige Göttin auf den Löwen”. Archiv für Orientforschung (na jeziku: nemački). 11: 350—353.
- Ornan, Tallay (2005). The Triumph of the Symbol: Pictorial Representation of Deities in Mesopotamia and the Biblical Image Ban. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis. 213. Fribourg: Academic Press Fribourg. ISBN 3-7278-1519-1.
- Patai, Raphael (1990). The Hebrew Goddess (3d izd.). Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-2271-9.
- Porada, Edith (1980). „The Iconography of Death in Mesopotamia in the early Second Millennium B.C.”. Ur.: Alster, Bernd. Death in Mesopotamia, Papers read at the XXVIe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. Mesopotamia, Copenhagen Studis in Assyriology. 8. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. str. 259—270. ISBN 87-500-1946-5.
- Spycket, Agnès (1968). Les Statues de Culte Dans les Textes Mesopotamiens des Origines A La Ire Dynastie de Babylon. Cahiers de la Revue Biblique (na jeziku: francuski). 9. Paris: J. Gabalda.
- Thompson, William R. (2004). „Complexity, Diminishing Marginal Returns and Serial Mesopotamian Fragmentation” (PDF). Journal of World Systems Research. 28 (3): 613—652. ISSN 1076-156X. PMID 15517490. S2CID 23452777. doi:10.1007/s00268-004-7605-z. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 19. 2. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 21. 5. 2009.
- Van Buren, Elizabeth Douglas (1936). „A further note on the terra-cotta relief”. Archiv für Orientforschung. 11: 354—357.
- Von der Osten-Sacken, Elisabeth (2002). „Zur Göttin auf dem Burneyrelief”. Ur.: Parpola, Simo; Whiting, Robert. M. Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of the XLVIIe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Helsinki (na jeziku: nemački). 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. str. 479—487. ISBN 951-45-9054-6.
- Albenda, Pauline (2005). „The "Queen of the Night" Plaque: A Revisit”. Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 125 (2): 171—190.
- Janson, Horst Woldemar; Janson, Anthony F. (1. 7. 2003). History of art: the Western tradition (6th Revised izd.). Prentice-Hall. str. 74. ISBN 978-0-13-182895-7.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- Jewish Encyclopedia: Lilit
- Lilit Alana Huma
- International standard Bible Encyclopedia: Noćni demon
- Kritika mita o Lilit u jevrejskom feminizmu Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (18. decembar 2001)
- The Queen of The Night (ME 2003-7-18,1 at the British Museum)
- Nude Winged Goddess (AO 6501 at the Louvre)
- "Ishtar Vase" from Larsa (AO 17000 at the Louvre)
- 3-D model at SketchFab
