Rejčel Karson

Rejčel Luiz Karson (engl. Rachel Carson; Springdejl, 27. maj 1907 — Silver Spring, 14. april 1964) je bila američki zoolog i biolog koja se smatra jednim od pokretača modernog pokreta za zaštitu okoline.

Rejčel Luiz Karson
Rejčel Karson snimljena 1940.
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	(1907-05-27)27. maj 1907.
Mesto rođenja	Springdejl, SAD
Datum smrti	14. april 1964.(1964-04-14) (56 god.)
Mesto smrti	Silver Spring, SAD
Obrazovanje	Chatham University, Univerzitet Džons Hopkins
Zvanični veb-sajt
www.rachelcarson.org

Rejčel je započela svoju karijeru kao akvatični biolog u Američkom ministarstvu za ribarstvo, a postala je pisac o prirodi sa punim radnim vremenom tokom 1950-ih. Njen nadaleko hvaljeni bestseler iz 1951. Za delo More oko nas nagrađena je američku Nacionalnu književnom nagradom, priznanjem za nadarenog pisca i finansijskom sigurnošću. Njena sledeća knjiga Ivica mora, i ponovno izdata verzija njene prve knjige Pod morskim vetrom takođe su bile bestseleri. Ova trilogija o moru istražuje čitav život okeana od obale do dubine. Krajem 1950-ih, Karsonova je svoju pažnju usmerila na očuvanje, posebno na neke od problema za koje je verovala da su uzrokovani sintetičnom upotrebom pesticida. Rezultat je bila knjiga Tiho proleće (1962), koja je zabrinutost za životnu sredinu dovela do neviđeno velikog dela američkog naroda. Iako su su hemijske kompanije žestoko protivile sadržaju Tihog mora, to je podstaknulo preokret u nacionalnoj politici prema pesticidima, što je dovelo do zabrane DDT-a i drugih pesticida u celoj zemlji. To je takođe inspirisalo pokrete za zaštitu životne sredine koji je doveo do stvaranja Američke agencije za zaštitu životne sredine. Karsonova je posthumno odlikovana Predsedničkom medaljom slobode od strane predsednika Džimija Kartera.

Dok američki borci za zaštitu okoline Rejčel Karson smatraju svojom najvećom ikonom, u zemljama Trećeg sveta se Tiho proleće smatra krivcem za širenje malarije i drugih bolesti. Američke lezbijke takođe Rejčel Karson smatraju svojom ikonom, iako njena seksualna orijentacija nikada nije bila javno poznata niti za nju postoje jasni dokazi.

Život i rad

Mladost i obrazovanje

Kuća Karsonove iz detinjstva sada je sačuvana kao imanje Rejčel Karson (fotografija snimljena 7. novembra 2009)

Rejčel Karson je rođena 27. maja 1907, na porodičnoj farmi u blizini Springdejla u Pensilvaniji, uzvodno od Pitsburga na reci Algeni. Ona je bila ćerka Marije Frejžer (Maklin) i Roberta Vordena Karsona, prodavca osiguranja. Ona je provela dosta vremena istražujući predeo porodične farme od 65-acre (26 ha). Kao strastveni čitalac, počela je da piše priče (koje su često uključivale životinje) sa osam godina. Prvu priču objavila je sa deset godina. Posebno je uživala u časopisu St. Nikolas (koji je nosio njene prve objavljene priče), delima Beatriks Poter i romanima Džin Straton-Porter, a u svojim tinejdžerskim godinama Hermana Melvila, Džozefa Konrada, i Roberta Luisa Stevensona. Prirodni svet, posebno okean, bio je zajednička nit njene omiljene književnosti. Karsonova je pohađala Springdejlsku malu školu do desetog razreda, a zatim je završila srednju školu u obližnjem Parnasusu u Pensilvaniji, maturiravši 1925. godine kao najbolja u svom razredu od četrdeset četiri učenika.

Tiho proleće

Tiho proleće je knjiga koju je napisala Rejčel Karson, a objavio Hugton Miflin 27. septembra 1962. godine. Knjiga opisuje štetne efekte pesticida na životnu sredinu, i pripisuje joj se zasluga za pokretanje ekološkog pokreta. Godine 1994. objavljeno je izdanje knjige kojoj je potpredsednik Al Gor napisao uvod.

Radovi

• Under the Sea Wind, 1941, Simon & Schuster, Penguin Group, (1996) ISBN 0-14-025380-7
• Carson, Rachel (1943). „Fishes of the Middle West” (PDF). Us Fish & Wildlife Publications. United States Government Printing Office. 
• Carson, Rachel (1945). „Fish and Shellfish of the Middle Atlantic Coast” (PDF). Us Fish & Wildlife Publications. United States Government Printing Office. 
• Carson, Rachel (1947). „Chincoteague: A National Wildlife Refuge” (PDF). Us Fish & Wildlife Publications. United States Government Printing Office. 
• Carson, Rachel (1947). „Mattamuskeet: A National Wildlife Refuge” (PDF). Us Fish & Wildlife Publications. United States Government Printing Office. 
• Carson, Rachel (1947). „Parker River: A National Wildlife Refuge” (PDF). Us Fish & Wildlife Publications. United States Government Printing Office. 
• Wilson, Vanez; Carson, Rachel (1950). „Bear River: A National Wildlife Refuge” (PDF). Us Fish & Wildlife Publications. United States Government Printing Office.  (with Vanez T. Wilson)
• The Sea Around Us, Oxford University Press, 1951; Oxford University Press, (1991) ISBN 0-19-506997-8
• The Edge of the Sea, Houghton Mifflin 1955; Mariner Books, (1998) ISBN 0-395-92496-0
• Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin, 1962; Mariner Books, (2002) ISBN 0-618-24906-0
  • Silent Spring initially appeared serialized in three parts in the June 16, June 23, and June 30, 1962 issues of The New Yorker magazine
• The Sense of Wonder, 1965, HarperCollins, 1998: ISBN 0-06-757520-X published posthumously
• Always, Rachel: The Letters of Rachel Carson and Dorothy Freeman 1952–1964 An Intimate Portrait of a Remarkable Friendship, Beacon Press, (1995) ISBN 0-8070-7010-6 edited by Martha Freeman (granddaughter of Dorothy Freeman)
• Lost Woods: The Discovered Writing of Rachel Carson, Beacon Press, (1998) ISBN 0-8070-8547-2
• Bedrock: Writers on the Wonders of Geology, edited by Lauret E. Savoy, Eldridge M. Moores, and Judith E. Moores, Trinity University Press, (2006) ISBN 1-59534-022-X

Literatura

• Carson, Rachel (1962). Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin. 
• Hynes, H. Patricia (1989). The Recurring Silent Spring. Athene series. New York: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-037117-5. 
• Lear, Linda (1997). Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 0-8050-3428-5. 
• Lytle, Mark Hamilton (2007). The Gentle Subversive: Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, and the Rise of the Environmental Movement. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517246-1. 
• Murphy, Priscilla Coit (2005). What a Book Can Do: The Publication and Reception of Silent Spring. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-582-1. 
• Brooks, Paul (1972). The House of Life: Rachel Carson at Work. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-13517-6.  This book is a personal memoir by Carson's Houghton Mifflin editor and close friend Paul Brooks. Brooks' papers are housed at the Thoreau Institute at Walden Woods Library.
• Gottlieb, Robert (2005). Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement. Washington D.C.: Island Press. ISBN 978-1559638326. 
• Jezer, Marty (1988). Rachel Carson: Biologist and Author. American women of achievement. Chelsea House Publications. ISBN 1-55546-646-X. 
• Kline, B. First Along the River. Maryland. Rowma & Littlefield. 
• Lepore, Jill, "The Shore Bird: Rachel Carson and the rising of the seas", The New Yorker, 26 March 2018, pp. 64–66, 68–72.
• Lutts, R (1985). Chemical fallout: Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, Radioactive Fallout, and the Environmental Movement. Environmental Review. 
• Matthiessen, Peter, ur. (2007). Courage for the Earth: Writers, Scientists, and Activists Celebrate the Life and Writing of Rachel Carson. Mariner Books. ISBN 978-0-618-87276-3. 
• Moore, Kathleen Dean; Sideris, Lisa H. (2008). Rachel Carson: Legacy and Challenge. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7471-6. 
• Quaratiello, Arlene (2010). Rachel Carson: A Biography. Amherst, New York: Prometheus. ISBN 978-1-61614-187-5. 
• Sideris, Lisa H. (2009). „Fact and Fiction, Fear and Wonder: The Legacy of Rachel Carson”. Soundings. 91 (3–4): 335—69. JSTOR 41179228. 
• Souder, William (2012). On a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson. New York, NY: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-307-46220-6. 
• Collombat, Isabelle (2021). Rachel Carson : "Non à la destruction de la nature" (na jeziku: francuski). Actes Sud junior. ISBN 978-2-330-15053-2. Arhivirano iz originala 29. 01. 2023. g. Pristupljeno 12. 09. 2021. 

Spoljašnje veze

Spoljašnji video-zapis

Presentation by William Souder on On a Farther Shore, October 3, 2012, C-SPAN

Spoljašnji video-zapis

Presentation by Linda Lear on Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature, October 2, 1997, C-SPAN

• American Experience documentary about Rachel Carson
• A Sense of Wonder : 2010 PBS Documentary / Interviews with Rachel Carson
• Rachel Carson Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
• Dela Rachel Carson na sajtu Fejdid pejdž Kanada

• New York Times obituary
• RachelCarson.org—Web site by Carson biographer Linda J. Lear
• Time, Mar. 29, 1999, Environmentalist RACHEL CARSON
• Koehn, Nancy, "From Calm Leadership, Lasting Change", The New York Times, October 27, 2012.
• Revisiting Rachel Carson—Bill Moyer's Journal, PBS.org, 9-21-2007
• A Sense of Wonder—a two-act play about Carson, written and performed by Kaiulani Lee, based on posthumous work of the same name
• Clip of Bill Moyers television on Lee's one-woman show na sajtu YouTube
• "Why Our Winters Are Getting Warmer," November 1951, Popular Science—early article by Rachel Carson about how the ocean's currents affect climate (excerpt from her 1951 book, The Sea Around Us).
• (Rachel L. Carson as Interpreted by Irwin Allen—TCM Movie Morlocks on The Sea Around Us) Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (6. septembar 2018)
• Silent Spring, A Visual History curated by the Michigan State University Museum
• Michals, Debra. "Rachel Carson". National Women's History Museum. 2015.
• Rachel Carson Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
• Rachel Carson Papers Addition. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
• "For the Birds," episode 6 of The Last Archive podcast by Jill Lepore, released July 9, 2020.
• “Roundtable Discussion of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson,” 1962-00-00, WGBH, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC, accessed June 7, 2021.

Organizacije povezane sa Karsonovom

• The Rachel Carson Homestead
• Silent Spring Institute
• Rachel Carson Trails Conservancy
• Rachel Carson Institute Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (21. jun 2009)