Sirijsko hrišćanstvo
Sirijsko hrišćanstvo (sir. ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ, Mšiḥoyuṯo Suryoyto / Mšiḥāyūṯā Suryāyṯā) karakteristična je grana istočnog hrišćanstva, čiji su formativni teološki spisi i tradicionalne liturgije izražene na klasičnom sirijskom jeziku, varijatetu aramejskog jezika.[1][2][3] U širem smislu, izraz se takođe može odnositi na aramejsko hrišćanstvo uopšte, obuhvatajući tako sve hrišćanske tradicije koje se zasnivaju na liturgijskoj upotrebi aramejskog jezika i njegovih varijacija, istorijskih i savremenih.[4][5][6]
Zajedno sa grčkim i latinskim, klasični sirijski je bio jedan od tri najvažnija jezika ranog hrišćanstva.[7] Postao je osnova za razvoj karakterističnog sirijskog oblika hrišćanstva, koji je cvjetao širom Bliskog istoka i drugih dijelova Azije tokom kasne antike i ranog srednjeg vijeka, dajući povod za različite liturgijske i denominacione tradicije, predstavljene u savremeno doba od nekoliko crkava koje nastavljaju da podržavaju vjersko i kulturno nasljeđe sirijskog hrišćanstva.[8][9]
Sirijsko hrišćanstvo se sastoji od dvije liturgijske tradicije.[10] Istočnosirijski obred (poznat i kao halkidonski, asirski, sasanidski, vavilonski i persijski obred),[11] čija je glavna anafora liturgija Svetih Tadeja i Marija, pripada Haldejskoj katoličkoj crkvi, Asirskoj crkvi Istoka, Drevnoj crkvi Istoka, Siromalabarskoj katoličkoj crkvi i Haldejskoj sirijskoj crkvi (posljednja je dio Asirske crkve Istoka).
Zapadnosirijski obred (poznati i kao antiohijski sirijski obred ili obred Svetog Jakova), čija je glavna anafora liturgija Svetog Jakoba, pripada Sirijskoj orijentalno-pravoslavnoj crkvi, Maronitskoj crkvi, Sirijskoj katoličkoj crkvi, Siromalankarskoj katoličkoj crkvi, Malankarskoj orijentalno-pravoslavnoj crkvi, Jakobitskoj sirijskoj hrišćanskoj crkvi (dio Sirijske orijentalno-pravoslavne crkve) i Malabarskoj nezavnisnoj sirijskoj crkvi. Protestantske verzije ovog obreda koristi istočnoprotestantske crkve Malankara Mar Toma sirijska crkva[12][13][14] i Evangelistička crkva Svetog Tome Indije.
U Indiji, autohtoni istočni hrišćani (hrišćani Svetog Tome) obje liturgijske tradicije (istočni i zapadnu) nazivaju se „sirijskim” hrišćanima. Tradicionalnu istočnosirijsku zajednicu predstavljaju Siromalabarska katolička crkva i Haldejska sirijska crkva Indije (dio Asirske crkve Istoka). Zapadnosirijska liturgijska tradicija zvedena je poslije 1665, a zajednicu povezanu s njom predstavljaju Jakobitska sirijska hrišćanska crkva (dio Sirijske orijentalno-pravoslavne crkve), Malanbarska orijentalno-pravoslavna crkva (obje drevnoistočne), Siromalabarska katolička crkva (istočnokatolička), Malabarska martomanska sirijska crkva (dio Anglikanske zajednice) i Malabarska nezavisna sirijska crkva (nezavisna drevnoistična crkva koja nije dio drevnoistočne zajednice).[15]
Sirijski jezik je varijetet aramejskog jezika, koji se prvi put javio u Edesi u Gornjoj Mesopotamiji tokom prvih vijekova n. e.[16] Srodan je sa galilejskim dilajektom aramejskog jezika, kojim je govorio Isus.[17] Ovaj odnos je doprinijeo njegovom prestižu među hrišćanima.[18] Oblik jezik koji se koristio u Edesi je preovladao u hrišćanskim spisima i bio je prihvaćen kao standardni oblik, „zgodno sredstvo za širenje hrišćanstva gdje god je postojao supstrat govornog aramejskog”.[1] Područje na kojem se govorio sirijski ili aramejski, bilo je područje kontakta i sukoba između Rimskog carstva i Sasanidskog carstva, prostiralo se od okoline Antiohije na zapadu do Seleukije-Ktesifona, sasanidske prijestonice (u Iraku) na istoku i obuhvatalo je poptunu ili djelimitčnu teritoriju današnje Sirije, Libana, Izraela, Palestine, Iraka, Turske i Irana.[2][1]
Vidi još uredi
Reference uredi
- ^ a b v Rompay 2008, str. 365–386.
- ^ a b Murre van den Berg 2007, str. 249.
- ^ Kitchen 2012, str. 66–77.
- ^ Simmons 1959, str. 13.
- ^ Aufrecht 2001, str. 149.
- ^ Quispel 2008, str. 80.
- ^ Brock 2005, str. 5–20.
- ^ Winkler 2019, str. 119–133.
- ^ Hunter 2019, str. 783–796.
- ^ Varghese 2019, str. 391–404.
- ^ John Hardon (25. 6. 2013). Catholic Dictionary: An Abridged and Updated Edition of Modern Catholic Dictionary. Crown Publishing Group. str. 493. ISBN 978-0-307-88635-4.
- ^ Leustean, Lucian N. (30. 5. 2014). Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twenty-First Century (na jeziku: engleski). Routledge. str. 568. ISBN 978-1-317-81866-3. „The Syrian Orthodox also became the target of Anglican missionary activity, as a result of which the Mar Thoma Church separated from the Orthodox in 1874, adopting the Anglican confession of faith and a reformed Syrian liturgy conforming to Protestant principles.”
- ^ Fortescue, Adrian (1913). The lesser eastern churches (na jeziku: engleski). London: Catholic Truth Society. str. 368—371,374—375. ISBN 978-1-177-70798-5. „A Malpan (teacher) in the Kottayam college, Abraham, who was a priest (Katanar), took up Protestant ideas warmly. Dr. Richards says of him with just pride that he was “the Wyclif of the Syrian Church in Malabar.”…The Reformers calls themselves the “Mar Thomas Christians”. They are considerably Protestantized. They have no images, denounce the idea of the Eucharistic sacrifice, pray neither to the saints nor for the dead, and use the vernacular (Malayalam) for their services…If only we knew what the views of the Church of England in matters of faith are, it would be easier to estimate those of the Mar Thomas Christians.”
- ^ Pallikunnil, Jameson K. (2017). The Eucharistic Liturgy: A Liturgical Foundation for Mission in the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church (na jeziku: engleski). str. 48, 53. ISBN 978-1-5246-7652-0. „Metropolitan Juhanon Mar Thoma called it "a Protestant Church in an oriental grab."...As a reformed Oriental Church, it agrees with the reformed doctrines of the Western Churches. Therefore, there is much in common in faith and doctrine between the MTC and the reformed Churches of the West. As the Church now sees it, just as the Anglican Church is a Western Reformed Church, the MTC is an Eastern Reformed Church. At the same time as it continues in the apostolic episcopal tradition and ancient oriental practices, it has much in common with the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Thus, it is regarded as a "bridging Church".”
- ^ Perczel 2019, str. 653–697.
- ^ Brock 1998, str. 708-719.
- ^ Allen C. Myers, ed. (1987), "Aramaic". The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans. p. 72. ISBN 0-8028-2402-1. "It is generally agreed that Aramaic was the common language of Palestine in the first century A.D. Jesus and his disciples spoke the Galilean dialect, which was distinguished from that of Jerusalem (Matt. 26:73)."
- ^ Montgomery 2002, str. 27.
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