Harold Pinter

Harold Pinter
Harold Pinter
	Harold Pinter
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	10. oktobar 1930.
Mesto rođenja	London, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
Datum smrti	24. decembar 2008. (78 god.)
Mesto smrti	London, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
Obrazovanje	Centralna škola za govor i dramu, Kraljevska akademija dramskih umetnosti
Nagrade	Nobelova nagrada za književnost
Zvanični veb-sajt
	www.haroldpinter.org

Harold Pinter (engl. Harold Pinter; istočni London, 10. oktobar 1930 — London, 24. decembar 2008) bio je engleski književnik, urednik, pesnik, politički aktivista i akademik.^[1] Napisao je preko dvadeset dela, dvadeset i jedan scenario i režirao je dvadeset i sedam pozorišnih produkcija.

Biografija

Mladost i karijera

Pinter je rođen u londonskoj četvrti Hakni, a roditelji su mu bili Jevreji istočnoevropskog porekla. Njegov otac, Hajman „Džek” Pinter (1902–1997) je bio krojač a majka Franses (rođena Moskovič; 1904–1992) je bila domaćica.^[2]^[3] Nakratko je studirao na Kraljevskoj akademiji dramskih umetnosti (engl. Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, RADA). Kao mladić je objavljivao poeziju, te je počeo da radi u pozorištu kao glumac pod pseudonimom Dejvid Baron. Njegova prva drama zvala se Soba (The Room), a premijerno su je izveli studenti na Univerzitetu u Bristolu 1957.

Rođendanska proslava (The Birthday Party) iz 1958. godine prvobitno je doživela neuspeh uprkos pohvalnoj kritici u listu Sandej Tajms od strane vodećeg pozorišnog kritičara Harolda Hobsona, ali uspešno je zaživela nakon dobro primljene drame Nadglednik (The Caretaker) iz 1960. Ta dva dela, kao i drugi rani radovi poput drame Povratak kući (The Homecoming) iz 1964, ponekad se nazivaju „komedijama pretnje”. Često krenu od naizgled bezopasne situacije i pretvore je u preteća i apsurdna zbivanja zato što se likovi ponašaju na način koji je neobjašnjiv publici, a ponekad i drugim likovima. Taj je stil nadahnuo pridev „pinterovski”. Sva Pinterova dela odaju uticaj Samjuela Beketa, koji je uostalom bio njegov dugogodišnji prijatelj.

Nagrade i aktivizam

Dobitnik je Šekspirove nagrade za književnost (Hamburg), Evropske nagrade za književnost (Beč), Pirandelove nagrade (Paralmo), Dejvid Koen britanske nagrade za književnost, Lorens Oliver nagrade i Molijerove nagrade za životno delo.

Pinterovo interesovanje za politiku je veoma javno. Godinama je otvoreno i snažno govorio o zloupotrebi državne moći u međunarodnoj politici uključujući i NATO bombardovanje SR Jugoslavije.^[4]

Harold Pinter je engleski pisac koji je postigao svetski uspeh, to je jedan od najkompleksnijih pisaca nakon Drugog svetskog rata. Njegova dela su zapažena po upotrebi tišine, koja povećava tenzije u korist nedovoljnog razumevanja i kriptičnog razgovora. U istoj meri prepoznatljive su «Pinterove teme»: erotska fantazija, bezimena pretnja, opsesivnost i ljubomora, porodična mržnja i mentalno uznemirenje.

Nobelovu nagradu za književnost dobio je 2005. godine.^[5]

U saopštenju Nobelove zadužbine se, između ostalog, navodi je Pinter u svom radu „otkriva bezdane u svakodnevnim pričama“, kao i da je „Pinter vratio pozorište na osnovne elemente: Zatvoren prostor i nepredvidiv dijalog, gde ljudi zavise jedni od drugih, a varke se ruše."

"Njegov slobodni stil, pun pretećih tišina, doprineo je stvaranju prideva 'Pinterovski'."

Harold Pinter je 2. novembra na Izbornoj skupštini SANU 2006. godine izglasan za člana SANU.

Dela

Harold Pinter (skroz desno)

Pozorišni i televizijski komadi

The Room (1957)
The Birthday Party (1957)
The Dumb Waiter (1957)
A Slight Ache (1958)
The Hothouse (1958)
The Caretaker (1959)
A Night Out (1959)
Night School (1960)
The Dwarfs (1960)
The Collection (1961)
The Lover (1962)
Tea Party (1964)
The Homecoming (1964)
The Basement (1966)
Landscape (1967)
Silence (1968)
Old Times (1970)
Monologue (1972)
No Man's Land (1974)
Betrayal (1978)
Family Voices (1980)
A Kind of Alaska (1982)
Victoria Station (1982)
One for the Road (1984)
Mountain Language (1988)
The New World Order (1991)^[6]
Party Time (1991)
Moonlight (1993)
Ashes to Ashes (1996)
Celebration (1999)
Remembrance of Things Past (2000)

Pozorišni skečevi

The Black and White (1959)
Trouble in the Works (1959)
The Last to Go (1959)
Request Stop (1959)
Special Offer (1959)
That's Your Trouble (1959)
That's All (1959)
Interview (1959)
Applicant (1959)
Dialogue for Three (1959)
Umbrellas (1960)
Night (1969)
Precisely (1983)
"God's District" (1997)^[7]
Press Conference (2002)
Apart From That (2006)

Radio drame

Voices (2005)^[8]

Scenariji

The Caretaker (1963)
The Servant (1963)
The Pumpkin Eater (1963)
The Compartment (1965) — scenario nije objavljen niti je film produciran
The Quiller Memorandum (1965)
Accident (1966)
The Birthday Party (1968)
The Go-Between (1970)
The Homecoming (1969)
Langrishe, Go Down (1970; adaptirano za TV 1978)
The Proust Screenplay (1972)
The Last Tycoon (1974)
The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981)
Betrayal (1982, 1983)^[9]
Victory (1982) — scenario je objavljen ali nije produciran
Turtle Diary (1984)
The Handmaid's Tale (1987)
Reunion (1989)
The Heat of the Day (1988) — adaptirano za TV
The Comfort of Strangers (1989)
The Remains of the Day (1991)
Party Time (1992) — adaptirano za TV
The Trial (1993)
Lolita (1994)
The Dreaming Child (1997)
The Tragedy of King Lear (2000)
Sleuth (2007)

Proza

Kullus (1949)
The Dwarfs (1990) (roman)
Latest Reports from the Stock Exchange (1953)
The Black and White (1954–55)
The Examination (1955)
Tea Party (1963)
The Coast (1975)
Problem (1976)
Lola (1977)
Short Story (1995)
Girls (1995)
Sorry About This (1999)
Tess (2000)
Voices in the Tunnel (2001)
The Mirror (2007)

Zbirke poezije

Poems (1971)
I Know the Place (1977)
Poems and Prose 1949–1977 (1978)
Ten Early Poems (1990)
Collected Poems and Prose (1995)
"The Disappeared" and Other Poems (2002)
Poems by Harold Pinter Chosen by Antonia Fraser. Warwick: Greville Press Pamphlets, 2002.
Six Poems for A. Warwick: Greville Press Pamphlets, 2007. ISBN 0-9555821-1-3 (10). ISBN 978-0-9555821-1-0 (13).

Antologije i druge zbirke

99 Poems in Translation: An Anthology Selected by Harold Pinter, Anthony Astbury, & Geoffrey Godbert (1994)
100 Poems by 100 Poets: An Anthology Selected by Harold Pinter, Anthony Astbury, & Geoffrey Godbert (1987)
101 Poems Against War (2003)
War (2003)
Various Voices: Prose, Poetry, Politics 1948–2005 (1998)
Death etc. (2005)
The Essential Pinter (2006)
Various Voices: Sixty Years of Prose, Poetry, Politics 1948–2008 (1998 & 2005)

Govori

Art, Truth and Politics (2005) — govor povodom dobijanja Nobelove nagrade

Vidi još

Bez pogovora (film)

Reference

^ „Harold Pinter | British dramatist”. Encyclopedia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2021-02-01.
^ Harold Pinter, as quoted in Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 103
^ Harry Ransom Humanities Research Cente: Harold Pinter Pristupljeno 15.3.2016.
^ www.haroldpinter.org - Serbia and Kosovo
^ „The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005”. web.archive.org. 2011-06-04. Pristupljeno 2021-02-01.
^ HaroldPinter.org lists this work as a "play", but it is actually a 4-page dramatic sketch; it lasts approximately eight to ten minutes in production. It was first produced as a "curtain raiser" for Death and the Maiden by Ariel Dorfman at the Royal Court Upstairs in London, in July 1991, which went on to Washington, D.C.; its production poster featured on HaroldPinter.org identifies it as a "sketch". "The New World Order" is also identified as a "sketch" in a review of the Royal Court première by Mel Gussow, "Critic's Notebook: On the London Stage, a Feast of Revenge, Menace and Guilt". Online posting. New York Times 31 July 1991. Recent productions and publications do refer to it more generically, as a "play", following the website's "Plays" section.
^ Harold Pinter's official site lists this in the section for "Prose – Fiction," but it was produced as a sketch on stage in a revue, according to Baker and Ross.
^ "Voices: Text by Harold Pinter and Music by James Clarke", Through the Night, BBC Radio 3, 10 Oct. 2005, 9:30–10:15 pm (UK), accessed 10 October 2005 (live). (RealPlayer audio no longer accessible.) Repeated more recently, on 30 December 2006; see BBC press office program information. Updated 23 April 2007.
^ There are discrepancies between the IMDb release and award dates for this film and those provided in scholarly publications. Betrayal na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski) lists the film's release in New York as "19 February 1983" and its London release date as "October 1983." According to Steven H. Gale, however, in Sharp Cut: Harold Pinter's Screenplays and the Artistic Process (Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 2003), it was "Released" in both London and New York "in 1982" (256, 415). It was distributed by Twentieth-Century Fox International Classics and first screened in movie theaters in New York in "February 1983," according to Susan Hollis Merritt, Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter (1990; Durham and London: Duke UP, 1995) 236, 300; the first film reviews of such New York commercial screenings cited by Merritt date from 20 February 1983 on (236–39). The film was nominated for 1983 Academy Awards for "Best Picture" and Pinter for "Writing" in the category "Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium" (Gale 256, 415); cf. Academy Awards Database, accessed 28 June 2007. The IMDb appears to be a year off in listing its Academy Award and BAFTA nominations as 1984 instead of 1983.

Literatura

Baker, William (2008). Harold Pinter . Writers' Lives Series. London and New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-9970-7.
Baker, William; Ross, John C. (2005). Harold Pinter: A Bibliographical History . London: British Library and New Castle, DE. ISBN 1-58456-156-4.
Batty, Mark (2005). About Pinter: The Playwright and the Work. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-22005-3.
Begley, Varun (2005). Harold Pinter and the Twilight of Modernism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-3887-6.
Billington, Michael (2007). Harold Pinter. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-19065-2.
Fraser, Antonia (2010). Must You Go? My Life with Harold Pinter. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson (Orion Books). ISBN 978-0-297-85971-0.
Gale, Steven H. (2003). Sharp Cut: Harold Pinter's Screenplays and the Artistic Process. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2244-9.
Gordon, Lois, ur. (2001). Pinter at 70: A Casebook. Casebooks on Modern Dramatists (2 izd.). New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-93630-9.
Grimes, Charles (2005). Harold Pinter's Politics: A Silence Beyond Echo. Madison & Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 0-8386-4050-8.
Gussow, Mel (1994). Conversations with Pinter. London: Nick Hern Books. ISBN 978-1-85459-201-9.
Hern, Nicholas; Pinter, Harold (februar 1985). A Play and Its Politics: A Conversation between Harold Pinter and Nicholas Hern. Harold Pinter, 'One for the Road'. New York: Grove. str. 5—23. ISBN 0-394-62363-0. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Hudgins, Christopher C. (2008). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H., ur. „Three Unpublished Harold Pinter Filmscripts”. The Pinter Review: Nobel Prize/Europe Theatre Prize Volume: 2005–2008. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 132—39. ISSN 0895-9706. OCLC 16878624.
Karwowski, Michael (1. 11. 2003). „Harold Pinter––a Political Playwright?]”. The Contemporary Review. Oxford: 291—96. ISSN 0010-7565. OCLC 1564974. Arhivirano iz originala 12. 1. 2009. g. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Merritt, Susan Hollis (1995). Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1674-9.
Merritt, Susan Hollis (2000). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H., ur. „Harold Pinter's 'Ashes to Ashes': Political/Personal Echoes of the Holocaust”. The Pinter Review: Collected Essays 1999 and 2000. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 73—84. ISSN 0895-9706. OCLC 16878624.
Merritt, Susan Hollis (2002). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H., ur. „Talking about Pinter: Collected Essays 2001 and 2002”. The Pinter Review: Collected Essays: 2003 and 2004. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 144—467. ISSN 0895-9706. OCLC 16878624.
Merritt, Susan Hollis (2004). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H., ur. „Staging Pinter: From Pregnant Pauses to Political Cause”. The Pinter Review: Collected Essays: 2003 and 2004. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 123—43. ISSN 0895-9706. OCLC 16878624.
Münder, Peter (2008). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H., ur. „Endgame with Spools: Harold Pinter in 'Krapp's Last Tape'”. The Pinter Review: Nobel Prize/Europe Theatre Prize Volume: 2005– 008. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 220—22. ISSN 0895-9706. OCLC 16878624.
Pinter, Harold (2000). 'Celebration' and 'The Room': Two Plays by Harold Pinter. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-20497-7.
Pinter, Harold (2005). Art, Truth and Politics: The Nobel Lecture. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-23396-0.
Pinter, Harold (2008). „Introduction by Harold Pinter, Nobel Laureate”. Ur.: Watkins, G. L. Fortune's Fool: The Man Who Taught Harold Pinter: A Life of Joe Brearley. Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK: TwigBooks in association with The Clove Club. str. 7—9. ISBN 978-0-9547236-8-2.
Pinter, Harold (2009). Various Voices: Sixty Years of Prose, Poetry, Politics 1948–2008 (3 izd.). London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-24480-5.
Quigley, Austin E. (2001). „Pinter, Politics and Postmodernmism (I)”. Ur.: Raby, Peter. The Cambridge Companion to Harold Pinter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. str. 7—27. ISBN 978-0-521-65842-3.
Watkins, G. L., ur. (mart 2009). „The Old Boys of Hackney Downs School”. The Clove's Lines: The Newsletter of the Clove Club. 3 (2): 1—36. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Pinter, Harold. Plays: One | The Birthday Party, The Room, The Dumb Waiter, A Slight Ache, The Hothouse, A Night Out. (London: Methuen, 1983) ISBN 0-413-34650-1 Contains an introductory essay, Writing for the Theatre.
Pinter, Harold. Plays: Two | The Caretaker, The Collection, The Lover, Night School, The Dwarfs. (London: Eyre Methuen, 1979) ISBN 0-413-37300-2 Contains an introductory essay, Writing for Myself.
Pinter, Harold. Plays: Three | The Homecoming, The Tea Party, The Basement, Landscape, Silence. (London: Eyre Methuen, 1978) ISBN 0-413-38480-2
Naismith, Bill (ed.) Harold Pinter: Faber Critical Guide: The Caretaker, The Birthday Party, The Homecoming (London: Faber and Faber, 2000). ISBN 978-0-571-19781-1 Contains introductory essays and explanatory notes.

Spoljašnje veze

Zvanični veb-sajt
Biografija na sajtu SANU
Works by Harold Pinter at Open Library
Harold Pinter na sajtu WorldCat (jezik: engleski)
Harold Pinter na sajtu IMDb
Harold Pinter na sajtu Internet Broadway Database (jezik: engleski)
International Harold Pinter Society (Allied Organization of the Modern Language Association, co-publisher of The Pinter Review)
"Harold Pinter" at Granta (collection of useful links)
"Harold Pinter" at guardian.co.uk ("The best of the Guardian's coverage, including tributes, reviews and articles from the archive," periodically updated)
"Harold Pinter" in "Times Topics" at nytimes.com (periodically updated collection of news articles, reviews, commentaries, photographs, and Web resources from The New York Times )
"Harold Pinter" on The Mark Shenton Show, TheatreVoice, recorded on 21 February 2007 (critics Michael Billington and Alastair Macaulay review Pinter's People and The Dumb Waiter; director and actor Harry Burton talks about his experiences with Pinter)
"Reputations: Harold Pinter" on TheatreVoice, recorded on 14 October 2005 (critical assessments by Michael Billington, Dan Rebellato, Charles Spencer and Ian Smith)
Working with Pinter, 2007 film by Harry Burton
"Harold Pinter – Interview", British Library Online Gallery: What's On, British Library, 8 September 2008 (Pinter discusses his memories of postwar British theatre with Harry Burton)
Harold Pinter, Nobel Luminaries - Jewish Nobel Prize Winners, on the Beit Hatfutsot-The Museum of the Jewish People Website.
List of Works

[1] „Harold Pinter | British dramatist”. Encyclopedia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2021-02-01.

[2] Harold Pinter, as quoted in Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 103

[3] Harry Ransom Humanities Research Cente: Harold Pinter Pristupljeno 15.3.2016.

[4] www.haroldpinter.org - Serbia and Kosovo

[5] „The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005”. web.archive.org. 2011-06-04. Pristupljeno 2021-02-01.

[6] HaroldPinter.org lists this work as a "play", but it is actually a 4-page dramatic sketch; it lasts approximately eight to ten minutes in production. It was first produced as a "curtain raiser" for Death and the Maiden by Ariel Dorfman at the Royal Court Upstairs in London, in July 1991, which went on to Washington, D.C.; its production poster featured on HaroldPinter.org identifies it as a "sketch". "The New World Order" is also identified as a "sketch" in a review of the Royal Court première by Mel Gussow, "Critic's Notebook: On the London Stage, a Feast of Revenge, Menace and Guilt". Online posting. New York Times 31 July 1991. Recent productions and publications do refer to it more generically, as a "play", following the website's "Plays" section.

[7] Harold Pinter's official site lists this in the section for "Prose – Fiction," but it was produced as a sketch on stage in a revue, according to Baker and Ross.

[8] "Voices: Text by Harold Pinter and Music by James Clarke", Through the Night, BBC Radio 3, 10 Oct. 2005, 9:30–10:15 pm (UK), accessed 10 October 2005 (live). (RealPlayer audio no longer accessible.) Repeated more recently, on 30 December 2006; see BBC press office program information. Updated 23 April 2007.

[releasedate-9] There are discrepancies between the IMDb release and award dates for this film and those provided in scholarly publications. Betrayal na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski) lists the film's release in New York as "19 February 1983" and its London release date as "October 1983." According to Steven H. Gale, however, in Sharp Cut: Harold Pinter's Screenplays and the Artistic Process (Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 2003), it was "Released" in both London and New York "in 1982" (256, 415). It was distributed by Twentieth-Century Fox International Classics and first screened in movie theaters in New York in "February 1983," according to Susan Hollis Merritt, Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter (1990; Durham and London: Duke UP, 1995) 236, 300; the first film reviews of such New York commercial screenings cited by Merritt date from 20 February 1983 on (236–39). The film was nominated for 1983 Academy Awards for "Best Picture" and Pinter for "Writing" in the category "Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium" (Gale 256, 415); cf. Academy Awards Database, accessed 28 June 2007. The IMDb appears to be a year off in listing its Academy Award and BAFTA nominations as 1984 instead of 1983.

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