Vilijam Tomson, 1. baron Kelvin
Vilijam Tomson, 1. baron Kelvin (engl. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin; Belfast, 26. jun 1824 — Largs, 17. decembar 1907) bio je britanski teorijski fizičar,[1][2] koji je razvio Džulovo shvatanje o pretvaranju toplote u mehanički rad. Pronašao je galvanometar sa ogledalom za primanje telegrafskih signala. U njegovu čast jedinica Međunarodnog sistema mera za temperaturu dobila je ime kelvin (K). Npr. tačka smrzavanja vode 0 °C = 273 K. Dok je postojanje donje granice temperature (apsolutna nula) bilo poznato pre njegovog rada, Lord Kelvin je poznat po tome što je utvrdio njenu ispravnu vrednost kao približno −273,15 °C (−459,67 °F).
| Vilijam Tomson | |
|---|---|
 Lord Kelvin | |
| Lični podaci | |
| Puno ime | Vilijam Tomson, 1. baron Kelvin |
| Datum rođenja | 26. jun 1824. |
| Mesto rođenja | Belfast, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo[1][2] |
| Datum smrti | 17. decembar 1907. (83 god.) |
| Mesto smrti | Largs, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo |
| Obrazovanje | Univerzitet u Glazgovu, Peterhouse |
| Naučni rad | |
| Polje | fizika |
| Potpis |  |
Pri Univerzitetu u Glazgovu on je izvršio važne radove u matematičkoj analizi elektriciteta i formulaciji prvog i drugog zakona termodinamike, i u znatnoj meri je doprineo pojavi discipline fizika u njenoj modernoj formi. On je blisko sarađivao sa matematičkim profesorom Hjuom Blekbernom u svom radu. On je isto tako imao karijeru kao inženjer i izumitelj telegrafa, što mu je donelo renome u očima javnosti i osiguralo njegovo bogatstvo, slavu i čast. Za svoj rad na transatlantskom telegrafskom projektu kraljica Viktorija mu je dodelila status viteza 1866. godine, te je postao Ser Vilijam Tomson. Imao je široke pomorske interese i bio je najzapaženiji zbog svog rada na mornarskom kompasu, koji je ranije imao ograničenu pouzdanost.
Godine 1892. godine postao je pripadnik plemstva, što je vid priznanja za njegova dostignuća u oblasti termodinamike, i za njegovo protivljenje pokretu irske domaće uprave,[3][4][5] te je postao Baron Kelvin od Largsa, u okrugu Ajšir. Usled njegove aktivnosti u industrijskom istraživanju i razvoju, regrutovao ga je oko 1899. godine Džordž Istman da bi radio kao zamenik predsedavajućeg odbora britanske kompanije Kodak Limited, koja je povezana s Istmanovim Kodakom.[6]
Reference uredi
- ^ a b Grabiner, Judy (2002). „Creators of Mathematics: The Irish Connection (book review)” (PDF). Irish Math. Soc. Bulletin. 48: 67. Pristupljeno 27. 6. 2016.
- ^ a b [1] Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Kelvin and Ireland Raymond Flood, Mark McCartney and Andrew Whitaker (2009) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 158 011001
- ^ Randall 2005, str. 162
- ^ „Hutchison, Iain "Lord Kelvin and Liberal Unionism"” (PDF). Pristupljeno 29. 10. 2011.
- ^ Lord Kelvin, Recipient of The John Fritz Medal in 1905[mrtva veza] Matthew Trainer, Physics in Perspective, (2008) 10, 212–223
Literatura uredi
- Randall, Lisa (2005). Warped Passages. New York: HarperCollins. str. 162.
Kelvinovi radovi uredi
- Thomson, W.; Tait, P.G. (1867). Treatise on Natural Philosophy. Oxford. 2nd edition, 1883. (reissued by Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-108-00537-1.)
- ——; Tait, P.G (1872). Elements of Natural Philosophy. (reissued by Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1-108-01448-9.) 2nd edition, 1879.
- Thomson, W. (1881). Shakespeare and Bacon on Vivisection. Sands & McDougall.
- ——; Tait, P.G (1872). Elements of Natural Philosophy. (reissued by Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1-108-01448-9.) 2nd edition, 1879.
- —— (1882—1911). Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. (6 volumes)
- Volume I. 1841-1853 (Internet Archive)
- Volume II. 1853-1856 (Internet Archive)
- Volume III. Elasticity, heat, electro-magnetism (Internet Archive)
- Volume IV. Hydrodynamics and general dynamics (Hathitrust)
- Volume V. Thermodynamics, cosmical and geological physics, molecular and crystalline theory, electrodynamics (Internet Archive)
- Volume VI. Voltaic theory, radioactivity, electrions, navigation and tides, miscellaneous (Internet Archive)
- —— (1904). Baltimore Lectures on Molecular Dynamics and the Wave Theory of Light. (reissued by Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1-108-00767-2.)
- —— (1912). Collected Papers in Physics and Engineering. Cambridge University Press. B0000EFOL8.
- Wilson, D.B., ur. (1990). The Correspondence Between Sir George Gabriel Stokes and Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. (2 vols), Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-32831-9.
- Hörz, H. (2000). Naturphilosophie als Heuristik?: Korrespondenz zwischen Hermann von Helmholtz und Lord Kelvin (William Thomson). Basilisken-Presse. ISBN 978-3-925347-56-6.
Biografija, istorija ideja i kritike uredi
- Buchwald, J. Z. (1977). „William Thomson and the mathematization of Faraday's electrostatics”. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. 8: 101—136. doi:10.2307/27757369.
- Burchfield, J. D. (1990). Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-08043-7.
- Cardoso Dias, D.M. (1996). „William Thomson and the Heritage of Caloric”. Annals of Science. 53 (5): 511—520. doi:10.1080/00033799600200361.
- Chang, H. (2004). Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517127-3.
- Gooding, D. (1980). „Faraday, Thomson, and the concept of the magnetic field”. British Journal of the History of Science. 13 (2): 91—120. doi:10.1017/S0007087400017726.
- Gossick, B. R. (1976). „Heaviside and Kelvin: a study in contrasts”. Annals of Science. 33 (3): 275—287. doi:10.1080/00033797600200561.
- Gray, A. (1908). Lord Kelvin: An Account of His Scientific Life and Work. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
- Green, G. & Lloyd, J. T. (1970). Kelvin's instruments and the Kelvin Museum. Glasgow: University of Glasgow. ISBN 978-0-85261-016-9.
- Kargon, R.H.; Achinstein, P., ur. (1987). Kelvin's Baltimore Lectures and Modern Theoretical Physics; Historical and Philosophical Perspectives. Cambridge Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-11117-1.
- King, A. G. (1925). Kelvin the Man. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
- King, E. T. (1909). Lord Kelvin's Early Home. London: Macmillan.
- Knudsen, O. (1972). „From Lord Kelvin's notebook: aether speculations”. Centaurus. 16: 41—53. Bibcode:1972Cent...16...41K. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1972.tb00164.x.
- Lekner, J. (2012). „Nurturing genius: the childhood and youth of Kelvin and Maxwell” (PDF). New Zealand Science Review.
- Lindley, D. (2004). Degrees Kelvin: A Tale of Genius, Invention and Tragedy. Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 978-0-309-09073-5.
- McCartney, M.; Whitaker, A., ur. (2002). Physicists of Ireland: Passion and Precision. Institute of Physics Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7503-0866-3.
- May, W. E. (1979). „Lord Kelvin and his compass”. Journal of Navigation. 32: 122—134. doi:10.1017/S037346330003318X.
- Munro, J. (1891). Heroes of the Telegraph. London: Religious Tract Society.
- Murray, D. (1924). Lord Kelvin as Professor in the Old College of Glasgow. Glasgow: Maclehose & Jackson.
- Russell, A. (1912). Lord Kelvin: His Life and Work. London: T.C. & E.C.Jack. Pristupljeno 25. 3. 2014.
- Sharlin, H. I. (1979). Lord Kelvin: The Dynamic Victorian. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-00203-3.
- Smith, C. & Wise, M. N. (1989). Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26173-9. Pristupljeno 25. 3. 2014.
- Thompson, S. P. (1910). Life of William Thomson: Baron Kelvin of Largs. London: Macmillan. In two volumes Volume 1 Volume 2
- Tunbridge, P. (1992). Lord Kelvin: His Influence on Electrical Measurements and Units. Peter Peregrinus: London. ISBN 978-0-86341-237-0.
- Wilson, D. (1910). William Thomson, Lord Kelvin: His Way of Teaching. Glasgow: John Smith & Son.
- Wilson, D. B. (1987). Kelvin and Stokes: A Comparative Study in Victorian Physics. Bristol: Hilger. ISBN 978-0-85274-526-7.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
sestrinskim projektima:
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. „Vilijam Tomson, 1. baron Kelvin”. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews.
- Vilijam Tomson, 1. baron Kelvin na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
- Vilijam Tomson, 1. baron Kelvin na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
- Electricity and Magnetism Pioneer Lord Kelvin
- Heroes of the Telegraph at The Online Books Page
- "Horses on Mars", from Lord Kelvin
- William Thomson: king of Victorian physics at Institute of Physics website
- Measuring the Absolute: William Thomson and Temperature Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (2. мај 2019), Hasok Chang and Sang Wook Yi (PDF file)
- Reprint of papers on electrostatics and magnetism (gallica)
- The molecular tactics of a crystal (Internet Archive)
- Quotations. This collection includes sources for many quotes.
- Kelvin Building Opening – The Leys School, Cambridge (1893)
