Zmaj (sazvežđe)
Zmaj (lat. Draco) je jedno od 88 modernih sazvežđa i 48 originalnih Ptolomejevih sazvežđa. Nalazi se na severnoj nebeskoj polulopti, a za većinu stanovnika severne zemljine polulopte (uključujući Balkan) nikada ne zalazi (cirkumpolarno je). Zmaj je to jedno od 48 sazvežđa koje je naveo astronom iz 2. veka Ptolomej, i danas je jedno od 88 savremenih sazvežđa. Severni pol ekliptike je u Zmaju.[1] Zmaj je cirkumpolaran (to jest, nikada ne zalazi) i može se videti tokom cele godine sa severnih geografskih širina.
| Sazvežđe | |
 | |
| Latinsko ime | Draco |
|---|---|
| Skraćenica | Dra |
| Genitiv | Draconis |
| Simbolizuje | Zmaja |
| Rektascenzija | 17 |
| Deklinacija | +65 |
| Površina | 1083 sq. deg. (8) |
| Najsjajnija zvezda | Gama Zmaja (Eltanin) (2,23m) |
| Meteorski rojevi | Drakonidi |
| Susedna sazvežđa | |
| Vidljivo u rasponu +90° i −15°. U najboljem položaju za posmatranje u 21:00 čas u julu. | |
Mitologija
urediPostoji više antičkih legendi koje se povezuju sa sazvežđem Zmaja. Prema jednoj, u pitanju je zmaj Ladon koji je čuvao vrt Hesperida a koga je Heraklo uspavao da bi ukrao zlatne jabuke iz vrta. Drugi zmaj koji se povezuje sa ovim sazvežđem je čuvar zlatnog runa koga je ubio Jason. Treći potencijalni mitološki zmaj koji je prenet na nebo je onaj koga je ubio Kadmo pre osnivanja Tebe, i iz čijih su zuba iznikli Sparti.
Zvezde
urediNajsvetlija zvezda u Zmaju je Eltanin (na arapskom zmija, gama Zmaja), narandžasti džin na 148 svetlosnih godina, magnitude 2,23.
Tuban (alfa Zmaja, bazilisk) je sa magnitudom 3,56 tek osma zvezda u Zmaju po sjajnosti. U vreme drevnih Egipćana, oko 2700. p. n. e., Tuban je bio polarna zvezda.
Objekti dubokog neba
urediU Zmaju se nalazi planetarna maglina Mačje oko (NGC 6543), sočivasta galaksija NGC 5866 i Zmaj patuljasta galaksija — galaksija koja je skoro potpuno izgubila međuzvezdani gas i ima uglavnom stare zvezde, a satelit je Mlečnog puta.
Reference
uredi- ^ Ridpath & Tirion 2001, str. 142–143.
Literatura
uredi- Boutsikas, Efrosyni (2011). „Astronomical Evidence for the Timing of the Panathenaia”. American Journal of Archaeology. 115 (2): 303—309. doi:10.3764/aja.115.2.303.
- Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2001), Stars and Planets Guide, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-08913-2
- Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2007). Stars and Planets Guide. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13556-4.
- Staal, Julius D.W. (1988). The New Patterns in the Sky. McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-04-5.
- Wilkins, Jamie; Dunn, Robert (2006). 300 Astronomical Objects: A Visual Reference to the Universe. Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-175-3.
- Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963) [1899]. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning
(reprint izd.). New York City: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-21079-7. - Fischer, Debra; Driscoll, Peter; Isaacson, Howard; Giguere, Matt; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Valenti, Jeff; Wright, Jason T.; Henry, Gregory W.; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew; Peek, Katherine; McCarthy, Chris (2009). „Five Planets and an Independent Confirmation of HD 196885 Ab from Lick Observatory”. The Astrophysical Journal. 703 (2): 1545—56. Bibcode:2009ApJ...703.1545F. S2CID 15524804. arXiv:0908.1596
. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/703/2/1545. - Garnavich, P. (1998). „Supernova 1998cf in NGC 3504”. IAU Circular. 6914 (6914): 1. Bibcode:1998IAUC.6914....1G.
- Gizis, J. E.; Monet, D. G.; Reid, I. N.; Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Burgasser, Adam J. (2000). „Two Nearby M Dwarf Binaries from 2MASS”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 311 (2): 385—88. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.311..385G. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03060.x .
- Hevelius, Johannes (1687). Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum (na jeziku: latinski). Gdaņsk, Poland: Gedani, typis J.-Z. Stollii.[mrtva veza]
- Jenniskens, Peter (2006). Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85349-1.
- Jenniskens, Peter (septembar 2012). „Mapping Meteoroid Orbits: New Meteor Showers Discovered”. Sky & Telescope: 22.
- Kovtyukh, V. V.; Chekhonadskikh, F. A.; Luck, R. E.; Soubiran, C.; Yasinskaya, M. P.; Belik, S. I. (2010). „Accurate Luminosities for F-G Supergiants from Fe II/Fe I Line Depth Ratios”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (3): 1568—75. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408.1568K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17217.x .
- Levy, David H. (2005). David Levy's Guide to Variable Stars. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-60860-2.
- Matheson, P.; Jha, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R.; Calkins, M. (2001). „Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504”. IAU Circular. 7597 (7597): 3. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7597....3M.
- Moore, Patrick (2000). Exploring the Night Sky with Binoculars . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79390-2.
- Motz, Lloyd; Nathanson, Carol (1991). The Constellations: An Enthusiast's Guide to the Night Sky. London, United Kingdom: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-85410-088-7.
- Nogami, Daisaku; Masuda, Seiji; Kato, Taichi (1997). „The 1994 Superoutburst of the New SU UMa-type Dwarf Nova, SX Leonis Minoris”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 109: 1114—21. Bibcode:1997PASP..109.1114N. doi:10.1086/133983 .
- O'Meara, Stephen James (2011). Deep-Sky Companions: The Secret Deep. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19876-9.
- Proctor, Richard Anthony (1870). A Star Atlas for the Library, the School and the Observatory. London, United Kingdom: Longmans, Green.
- Robertson, J. W.; Honeycutt, R. K.; Turner, G. W. (1995). „RZ Leonis Minoris, PG 0943+521, and V1159 Orionis: Three Cataclysmic Variables with Similar and Unusual Outburst Behavior”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 107: 443—49. Bibcode:1995PASP..107..443R. doi:10.1086/133572 .
- Russell, Henry Norris (oktobar 1922). „The New International Symbols for the Constellations”. Popular Astronomy. 30: 469—71. Bibcode:1922PA.....30..469R.
- Skiff, Brian A.; Lockwood, G.W. (1986). „The Photometric Variability of Solar-type Stars. V. The Standard Stars 10 and 11 Leonis Minoris”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 98 (601): 338—41. Bibcode:1986PASP...98..338S. JSTOR 40678678. doi:10.1086/131763 .
- Thompson, Robert Bruce; Thompson, Barbara Fritchman (2007). Illustrated Guide to Astronomical Wonders: From Novice to Master Observer. North Sebastopol, California: O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-52685-6.
- Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6.
- Wagner, R. Mark; Thorstensen, John R.; Honeycutt, R. K.; Howell, S. B.; Kaitchuck, R. H.; Kreidl, T. J.; Robertson, J. W.; Sion, E. M.; Starrfield, S. G. (1998). „A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Cataclysmic Variable SX Leonis Minoris in Quiescence and Superoutburst”. The Astronomical Journal. 109 (2): 787—800. Bibcode:1998AJ....115..787W. doi:10.1086/300201 .
- Baldwin, Emily (25. 6. 2010). „Radio observations shed new light on Hanny's Voorwerp”. Astronomy Now. Pole Star Publications Ltd. Arhivirano iz originala 8. 3. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- Beck, Sara J. (16. 7. 2010). „Delta Scuti and the Delta Scuti variables”. Variable Star of the Season. AAVSO (American Association of Variable Star Observers). Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- „Leo Minor, Constellation Boundary”. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- Schneider, Jean. „Planet HD 82886 b”. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Paris Observatory. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2012.
- „ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week: Galaxy in a spin”. Hubble website. Arhivirano iz originala 13. 11. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- „IMO Meteor Shower Calendar 2012 | International Meteor Organization”. The International Meteor Organization. 1997—2012. Pristupljeno 31. 10. 2012.
- James, Andrew (7. 2. 2011). „'The '"Constellations : Part 2 Culmination Times"'”. Southern Astronomical Delights. Sydney, New South Wales. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
- „Hubble Zooms in on a Space Oddity”. European Southern Observatory. 10. 1. 2011. Arhivirano iz originala 28. 06. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- Kaler, Jim. „Beta Leonis Minoris”. Stars. University of Illinois. Pristupljeno 30. 3. 2007.
- Kaler, Jim. „21 Leonis Minoris”. Stars. University of Illinois. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- Kaler, Jim. „Praecipua”. Stars. University of Illinois. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- Grant, Shawn. „Leo Minor”. Deepsky Online. Knoxville Observers. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 4. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 14. 11. 2012.
- McDonald Observatory (5. 12. 2005). „Astronomers Find Most Stable Optical Clock in Heavens; Aids Understanding of Stars' Lives”. Phys.Org. Arhivirano iz originala 23. 07. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 2859”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3003”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3344”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3486”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3504”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Urania's Mirror”. Old Star Atlases. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Constellations – Part Two”. Star Tales. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Leo Minor”. Star Tales. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Chapter One Concluded...Filling the Remaining Gaps”. Star Tales. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- Rincon, Paul (5. 8. 2008). „Teacher finds new cosmic object”. BBC News. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
- „Beta Leonis Minoris”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- „SU Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of RS CVn type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- „SV Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of RS CVn type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- „21 Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of delta Sct type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- „37 Leonis Minoris”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2012.
- „46 Leonis Minoris – Variable Star”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 2. 11. 2012.
- „GJ 356 B – Star in double system”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- „HD 82886”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
- „LHS 2216 – High Proper Motion Star”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 21. 10. 2012.
- „R Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of Mira Ceti type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „RY Leonis Minoris – Pulsating White Dwarf”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „S Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of Mira Ceti type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „U Leonis Minoris – Semi-regular pulsating Star”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „Interacting Galaxy Pair Arp 107”. Spitzer Space Telescope website. Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology. 9. 6. 2005. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
Spoljašnje veze
uredi
Vikimedijina Ostava ima datoteke za članak:
- The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Draco
- The clickable Draco
- Star Tales – Draco
- Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (medieval and early modern images of Draco)
- Sazvežđe Zmaj Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (22. februar 2012) na TopAstronomer.com (jezik: engleski)
