Pegaz

Pegaz (grč. Πήγασος) (lat. Pegasus) je u grčkoj mitologiji bio krilati konj, Posejdonov i Meduzin sin.^[1]^[2]

Mitologija uredi

Pegazovo ime (grč. Πήγασος) Hesiod povezuje sa reči (grč. πηγή), ili pêgế, što znači „izvor“, „vrelo“,^[3] jer, gde god da je Pegaz dotakao tlo, nastao bi izvor - Helikonu izvor „konjski izvor“ - Hippocrene.

Ali ime Pegaz najveroatnije potiče od luvijske reči „pihassas“ ili munja, ili od reči „pihassasas“ što znači bog vremena i munje, a i Hesiod opisuje Pegaza da služi kao donosilac munja Zevsu.^[4]^[5]

Pegaz je leteo brzinom vetra, bio je nežan i mudar, čista srca, a živio na visokim planinama, najviše na Helikonu, mestu gde su obitavale Muze. Bio je predivno građen, snažan i jakih kopita, a sa svojim moćnim krilima mogao se vinuti i do samog Olimpa.^[6]

Pegaz je donosio Zevsu munje,^[7] a nakon smrti Belerofonta vratio se na Olimp da pomaže bogovima. Kasnije se oženio Euipom sa kojom je začeo naraštaj krilatih konja.

Belerofont i Pegaz uredi

Za postojanje krilatog konja Pegaza, Belerofont je znao još iz svog rodnog grada, jer je Pegaz često doletao na Akrokorint da tamo pije vode, pa je tako i krenuo u potragu za njim. Vrebao je konja danima i noćima i napokon ga je i dočekao. Po savetu vrača Polida, on je zauzdao Pegaza zlatnom uzdom koju mu je dala boginja Atina, a zatim je na Pegazu odleteo u Lakiju.

Belerofont se sa Pegazom spustio u duboku dolinu, nad stenoviti procep gde je živela Himera, i čekao je da ona izmili iz svoje jazbine. Kada se Himera pojavila, on je pogodio sa strelom, ali je samo ranio tako da ga je ona napala sa tri svoja plamena jezika, i pokušavajući da ga dohvati svojim otrovnim zmijskim repom. Leteći na Pegazu, Belerofont je uspevao da izbegne udarce repa i na kraju je savladao i ubio Himeru. Ubijenu Himeru je doneo Jobatu.^[8]^[9]

Sazvežđe Pegaz uredi

Pegaz je pomogao Belerofontu u borbi protiv Himere i Amazonki, a posle pobede Belerofont se osećao toliko moćnim da je odlučio da uzleti na nebo i da proveri ima li bogova na Olimpu.^[10]^[11] Pegaz je znao da to nije u redu, ali ga je poslušao i uzletio. Zevs se toliko naljutio da je poslao besnilo na Pegaza, koji se počeo vrpoljiti te se Belerofont strmoglavio sa njega i poginuo, a zatim se sažalio nad Pegazom i pretvorio ga u sazvežđe Pegaz, a iz pera, koje je iz Pegazovog krila palo na zemlju, nastao grad Tarsus.

Reference uredi

^ Zamarovski 1985, str. 260.
^ Bulfinch, Thomas (2003). „Greek Mythology and Homer”. Bulfinch's Greek and Roman Mythology. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30881-9.
^ Noted by Karl Kerényi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:80: "In the name Pegasos itself the connection with a spring, pege, is expressed."
^ The connection of Pegasus with Pihassas was suggested by H.T. Bossert, "Die phönikisch-hethitischen Bilinguen vom Karatepe", Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung, 2 1952/53:333, P. Frei, "Die Bellerophontessaga und das Alte Testament", in B. Janowski, K. Koch and G. Wilhelm, eds., Religionsgeschichtliche Beziehungen zwischen Kleinasien, Nordsyrien und der Alte Testament, 1993:48f, and Hutter, "Der luwische Wettergott pihašsašsi under der griechischen Pegasos", in Chr. Zinko, ed. Studia Onomastica et Indogermanica... 1995:79–98. Commentary was provided by R. S. P. Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1183.
^ "a storm god is not the origin of a horse. However, he had a like-sounding name, and Greek visitors to Cilicia may have connected their existing Pegasus with Zeus's lightning after hearing about this 'Pihassassi' and his functions and assuming, wrongly, he was their own Pegasus in a foreign land." Robin Lane Fox, Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 9780307271518, pp. 207ff.
^ Roman, Luke; Roman, Monica (2010). Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology (na jeziku: engleski). Infobase Publishing. str. 103. ISBN 978-1-4381-2639-5.
^ „Hesiod, Theogony, line 270”.
^ Carpenter, Rhys (1950). „Argeiphontes: A Suggestion”. American Journal of Archaeology. 54 (3): 177—183. JSTOR 500295. S2CID 191378610. doi:10.2307/500295.
^ Katz, J. (1998). „How to be a Dragon in Indo-European: Hittite illuyankas and its Linguistic and Cultural Congeners in Latin, Greek, and Germanic”. Ur.: Jasanoff; Melchert; Oliver. Mír Curad. Studies in Honor of Calvert Watkins. Innsbruck. str. 317—334. ISBN 3851246675.
^ Homer (1924). The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vol. I (book 6, lines 202-204). Pristupljeno 2020-06-11.
^ Pindar, Olympian Odes, xiii.87–90, and Isthmian Odes, vii.44; Bibliotheke ii.3.2; Homer, Iliad vi.155–203 and xvi.328; Ovid, Metamorphoses ix.646.

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Spoljašnje veze uredi

Pegaz u klasičnoj literaturi i umetnosti

[FOOTNOTEЗамаровски1985260-1] Zamarovski 1985, str. 260.

[2] Bulfinch, Thomas (2003). „Greek Mythology and Homer”. Bulfinch's Greek and Roman Mythology. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30881-9.

[3] Noted by Karl Kerényi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:80: "In the name Pegasos itself the connection with a spring, pege, is expressed."

[4] The connection of Pegasus with Pihassas was suggested by H.T. Bossert, "Die phönikisch-hethitischen Bilinguen vom Karatepe", Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung, 2 1952/53:333, P. Frei, "Die Bellerophontessaga und das Alte Testament", in B. Janowski, K. Koch and G. Wilhelm, eds., Religionsgeschichtliche Beziehungen zwischen Kleinasien, Nordsyrien und der Alte Testament, 1993:48f, and Hutter, "Der luwische Wettergott pihašsašsi under der griechischen Pegasos", in Chr. Zinko, ed. Studia Onomastica et Indogermanica... 1995:79–98. Commentary was provided by R. S. P. Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1183.

[5] "a storm god is not the origin of a horse. However, he had a like-sounding name, and Greek visitors to Cilicia may have connected their existing Pegasus with Zeus's lightning after hearing about this 'Pihassassi' and his functions and assuming, wrongly, he was their own Pegasus in a foreign land." Robin Lane Fox, Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 9780307271518, pp. 207ff.

[6] Roman, Luke; Roman, Monica (2010). Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology (na jeziku: engleski). Infobase Publishing. str. 103. ISBN 978-1-4381-2639-5.

[7] „Hesiod, Theogony, line 270”.

[8] Carpenter, Rhys (1950). „Argeiphontes: A Suggestion”. American Journal of Archaeology. 54 (3): 177—183. JSTOR 500295. S2CID 191378610. doi:10.2307/500295.

[9] Katz, J. (1998). „How to be a Dragon in Indo-European: Hittite illuyankas and its Linguistic and Cultural Congeners in Latin, Greek, and Germanic”. Ur.: Jasanoff; Melchert; Oliver. Mír Curad. Studies in Honor of Calvert Watkins. Innsbruck. str. 317—334. ISBN 3851246675.

[10] Homer (1924). The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vol. I (book 6, lines 202-204). Pristupljeno 2020-06-11.

[11] Pindar, Olympian Odes, xiii.87–90, and Isthmian Odes, vii.44; Bibliotheke ii.3.2; Homer, Iliad vi.155–203 and xvi.328; Ovid, Metamorphoses ix.646.

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