Cefej (sazvežđe)
Cefej (lat. Cepheus) je sazvežđe severne hemisfere, jedno od 88 savremenih i 48 originalnih Ptolomejevih sazvežđa. Prepoznatljivo je po karakterističnom rasporedu najsjajnijih zezda u obliku kućice.[2][3]
| Sazvežđe | |
 | |
| Latinsko ime | Cepheus |
|---|---|
| Skraćenica | Cep |
| Genitiv | Cephei |
| Simbolizuje | Cefeja, mitskog kralja Etiopije |
| Rektascenzija | 22 |
| Deklinacija | +70[1] |
| Površina | 588 sq. deg. (27) |
| Najsjajnija zvezda | Alfa Cefeja (Alderamin) (2,44m) |
| Meteorski rojevi | (nema) |
| Susedna sazvežđa | |
| Vidljivo u rasponu +90° i −10°. U najboljem položaju za posmatranje u 21:00 čas u novembru. | |
Mitologija uredi
Po mitologiji, Cefej je bio kralj Etiopije čije je žena Kasiopeja tvrdila da je lepša od Nereida, zbog čega su osuđeni da žrtvuju svoju ćerku Andromedu morskom čudovištu. Andromedu je spasio Persej skamenivši morsko čudovište pomoću glave Meduze.
Sve ličnosti ovog mita su dobile svoje sazvežđe: Cefej, Kasiopeja, Andromeda, Persej, Pegaz (krilati konj koji je izašao iz Meduzinog tela nakon što joj je Persej odsekao glavu) i Kit (morsko čudovište).
Zvezde uredi
Najsjajnija zvezda ovog sazvežđa je alfa Cefeja (Alderamin, „desna ruka“), subdžin A klase na putu da postane crveni džin. Usled precesije Zemljine ose, Alderamin je bio severna polarna zvezda pre 20.000 godina, a biće ponovo za 5.500 godina. Magnituda Alderamina je 2,44.
Beta Cefeja (Alfirk, „stado“) je druga najsjajnija zvezda Cefeja, magnitude 3,23. Alfirk je trojni sistem čija je primarna komponenta pulsirajuća promenljiva, prototip svoje klase. Od Sunca je udaljena približno 595 svetlosnih godina.
Gama Cefeja (Erai ili Alrai, „pastir“) je dvojna zvezda koja leži na oko 45 svetlosnih godina od Sunca. Primarna komponenta je narandžasti subdžin za koga se veruje da je star 6,6 miliona godina. Pratilac je verovatno crveni patuljak iste starosti. Erai, magitude 3,21, će biti severna polarna zvezda pre Alderamina, za 4000 godina. Jedna vansolarna planeta (Tadmor) orbitira oko glavne zvezde sistema. Otkrivena je 2002, premda je prvi put detektovana 1988. godine, što bi je činilo prvom vansolarnom planetom ikad otkrivenom.
Delta Cefeja (Al radif, „pratilac“) je dvojna zvezda magnitude 3,75. Primarna komponenta je žuti džin koji je prototip svoje klase promenljivih koje služe kao nebeske standardne sveće. Pratilac je plav, magnitude 7,5.
Objekti dubokog neba uredi
U Cefeju se nalazi nekoliko zanimljivih objekata dubokog neba. U blizini severnog nebeskog pola se nalazi NGC 188, vrlo staro globularno jato koga čini oko 150 zvezda. Otkrio ga je Džon Heršel 1825. godine, a pretpostavlja se da je formirano pre 10-20 milijardi godina.
Oko 2°,5 južno od tete Cefeja se nalazi otvoreno zvezdano jato NGC 6939 koga čini osamdesetak zvezda.
Na granici sa Labudom se nalazi NGC 6946, spiralna galaksija poznata i po nazivu „Vatromet galaksija“ jer je u njoj do sada opaženo 9 supernovih. Od Sunca je udaljena oko 10 miliona svetlosnih godina.
Reference uredi
- ^ „Cepheus, constellation boundary”. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2014.
- ^ Ghisellini, G.; Ceca, R. Della; Volonteri, M.; Ghirlanda, G.; Tavecchi, F.; Foschini, L.; Tagliaferri, G.; Haardt, F.; Pareschi, G.; Grindlay, J. (2010). „Chasing the heaviest black holes in active galactic nuclei, the largest black hole”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 405: 387. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405..387G. S2CID 40214759. arXiv:0912.0001
. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16449.x. This paper does acknowledge the possibility of an optical illusion that would cause an overestimation of the mass.
- ^ Ghisellini, G.; Foschini, L.; Volonteri, M.; Ghirlanda, G.; Haardt, F.; Burlon, D.; Tavecchio, F.; et al. (14. 7. 2009). „The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster?”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. v2. 399 (1): L24—L28. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399L..24G. S2CID 14438667. arXiv:0906.0575 . doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x.
Literatura uredi
- Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963) [1899]. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning
(reprint izd.). New York City: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-21079-7. - Fischer, Debra; Driscoll, Peter; Isaacson, Howard; Giguere, Matt; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Valenti, Jeff; Wright, Jason T.; Henry, Gregory W.; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew; Peek, Katherine; McCarthy, Chris (2009). „Five Planets and an Independent Confirmation of HD 196885 Ab from Lick Observatory”. The Astrophysical Journal. 703 (2): 1545—56. Bibcode:2009ApJ...703.1545F. S2CID 15524804. arXiv:0908.1596 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/703/2/1545.
- Garnavich, P. (1998). „Supernova 1998cf in NGC 3504”. IAU Circular. 6914 (6914): 1. Bibcode:1998IAUC.6914....1G.
- Gizis, J. E.; Monet, D. G.; Reid, I. N.; Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Burgasser, Adam J. (2000). „Two Nearby M Dwarf Binaries from 2MASS”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 311 (2): 385—88. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.311..385G. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03060.x .
- Hevelius, Johannes (1687). Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum (na jeziku: latinski). Gdaņsk, Poland: Gedani, typis J.-Z. Stollii.[mrtva veza]
- Jenniskens, Peter (2006). Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85349-1.
- Jenniskens, Peter (septembar 2012). „Mapping Meteoroid Orbits: New Meteor Showers Discovered”. Sky & Telescope: 22.
- Kovtyukh, V. V.; Chekhonadskikh, F. A.; Luck, R. E.; Soubiran, C.; Yasinskaya, M. P.; Belik, S. I. (2010). „Accurate Luminosities for F-G Supergiants from Fe II/Fe I Line Depth Ratios”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (3): 1568—75. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408.1568K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17217.x .
- Levy, David H. (2005). David Levy's Guide to Variable Stars. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-60860-2.
- Matheson, P.; Jha, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R.; Calkins, M. (2001). „Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504”. IAU Circular. 7597 (7597): 3. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7597....3M.
- Moore, Patrick (2000). Exploring the Night Sky with Binoculars . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79390-2.
- Motz, Lloyd; Nathanson, Carol (1991). The Constellations: An Enthusiast's Guide to the Night Sky. London, United Kingdom: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-85410-088-7.
- Nogami, Daisaku; Masuda, Seiji; Kato, Taichi (1997). „The 1994 Superoutburst of the New SU UMa-type Dwarf Nova, SX Leonis Minoris”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 109: 1114—21. Bibcode:1997PASP..109.1114N. doi:10.1086/133983 .
- O'Meara, Stephen James (2011). Deep-Sky Companions: The Secret Deep. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19876-9.
- Proctor, Richard Anthony (1870). A Star Atlas for the Library, the School and the Observatory. London, United Kingdom: Longmans, Green.
- Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2001). Stars and Planets Guide. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08913-2.
- Robertson, J. W.; Honeycutt, R. K.; Turner, G. W. (1995). „RZ Leonis Minoris, PG 0943+521, and V1159 Orionis: Three Cataclysmic Variables with Similar and Unusual Outburst Behavior”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 107: 443—49. Bibcode:1995PASP..107..443R. doi:10.1086/133572 .
- Russell, Henry Norris (oktobar 1922). „The New International Symbols for the Constellations”. Popular Astronomy. 30: 469—71. Bibcode:1922PA.....30..469R.
- Skiff, Brian A.; Lockwood, G.W. (1986). „The Photometric Variability of Solar-type Stars. V. The Standard Stars 10 and 11 Leonis Minoris”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 98 (601): 338—41. Bibcode:1986PASP...98..338S. JSTOR 40678678. doi:10.1086/131763 .
- Thompson, Robert Bruce; Thompson, Barbara Fritchman (2007). Illustrated Guide to Astronomical Wonders: From Novice to Master Observer. North Sebastopol, California: O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-52685-6.
- Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6.
- Wagner, R. Mark; Thorstensen, John R.; Honeycutt, R. K.; Howell, S. B.; Kaitchuck, R. H.; Kreidl, T. J.; Robertson, J. W.; Sion, E. M.; Starrfield, S. G. (1998). „A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Cataclysmic Variable SX Leonis Minoris in Quiescence and Superoutburst”. The Astronomical Journal. 109 (2): 787—800. Bibcode:1998AJ....115..787W. doi:10.1086/300201 .
- Baldwin, Emily (25. 6. 2010). „Radio observations shed new light on Hanny's Voorwerp”. Astronomy Now. Pole Star Publications Ltd. Arhivirano iz originala 8. 3. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- Beck, Sara J. (16. 7. 2010). „Delta Scuti and the Delta Scuti variables”. Variable Star of the Season. AAVSO (American Association of Variable Star Observers). Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- „Leo Minor, Constellation Boundary”. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- Schneider, Jean. „Planet HD 82886 b”. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Paris Observatory. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2012.
- „ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week: Galaxy in a spin”. Hubble website. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- „IMO Meteor Shower Calendar 2012 | International Meteor Organization”. The International Meteor Organization. 1997—2012. Pristupljeno 31. 10. 2012.
- James, Andrew (7. 2. 2011). „'The '"Constellations : Part 2 Culmination Times"'”. Southern Astronomical Delights. Sydney, New South Wales. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
- „Hubble Zooms in on a Space Oddity”. European Southern Observatory. 10. 1. 2011. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- Kaler, Jim. „Beta Leonis Minoris”. Stars. University of Illinois. Pristupljeno 30. 3. 2007.
- Kaler, Jim. „21 Leonis Minoris”. Stars. University of Illinois. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- Kaler, Jim. „Praecipua”. Stars. University of Illinois. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- Grant, Shawn. „Leo Minor”. Deepsky Online. Knoxville Observers. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 4. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 14. 11. 2012.
- McDonald Observatory (5. 12. 2005). „Astronomers Find Most Stable Optical Clock in Heavens; Aids Understanding of Stars' Lives”. Phys.Org. Arhivirano iz originala 23. 07. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 2859”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3003”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3344”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3486”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. „Results for NGC 3504”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Urania's Mirror”. Old Star Atlases. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Constellations – Part Two”. Star Tales. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Leo Minor”. Star Tales. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2012.
- Ridpath, Ian (1988). „Chapter One Concluded...Filling the Remaining Gaps”. Star Tales. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- Rincon, Paul (5. 8. 2008). „Teacher finds new cosmic object”. BBC News. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
- „Beta Leonis Minoris”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2012.
- „SU Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of RS CVn type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- „SV Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of RS CVn type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- „21 Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of delta Sct type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2012.
- „37 Leonis Minoris”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2012.
- „46 Leonis Minoris – Variable Star”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 2. 11. 2012.
- „GJ 356 B – Star in double system”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 20. 10. 2012.
- „HD 82886”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
- „LHS 2216 – High Proper Motion Star”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 21. 10. 2012.
- „R Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of Mira Ceti type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „RY Leonis Minoris – Pulsating White Dwarf”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „S Leonis Minoris – Variable Star of Mira Ceti type”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „U Leonis Minoris – Semi-regular pulsating Star”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Pristupljeno 22. 10. 2012.
- „Interacting Galaxy Pair Arp 107”. Spitzer Space Telescope website. Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology. 9. 6. 2005. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2012.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- Sazvežđe Cefej na TopAstronomer.com (jezik: engleski)
