Turci

„Turski narod” preusmerava ovde. Ne poistovećivati sa Turski narodi.

Turci (tur. Türkler) su najbrojniji narod iz turkijske grupe naroda, koji pretežno živi u Turskoj, gde čini oko 80% stanovništva. Turci su nastali mešanjem turkijskih plemena sa indoevropskim narodima (Persijancima, Jermenima, Grcima, Kurdima i Slovenima). Turci su većinom sunitski muslimani, a govore turskim jezikom, koji pripada turkijskoj grupi altajske porodice jezika.

Turci

Ukupna populacija
67 miliona
Regioni sa značajnom populacijom
Turska	67.400.000
Nemačka	2.800.000
Bugarska	500.000
Holandija	308.000
Francuska	220.000
SAD	203.000
Belgija	163.000
Uzbekistan	151.000
Kipar	150.000
Austrija	117.000
Rusija	117.000
Severna Makedonija	80.000
UK	71.000
Švajcarska	69.000
Kanada	66.000
Australija	64.000
Azerbejdžan	60.000
Turkmenistan	58.000
Kazahstan	58.000
Egipat	49.000
Kirgistan	45.000
Saudijska Arabija	36.000
Švedska	35.000
Danska	34.000
Libija	30.000
Venecuela	28.000
Norveška	21.000
Kosovo	17.000
Italija	17.000
Iran	12.000
Grčka	12.000
Avganistan	12.000
Kuvajt	10.000
Jezici
turski
Religija
pretežno muslimani, uglavnom suniti.
Srodne etničke grupe
Turkijci Oguz Turci

Istorija

Prvi se put spominju u 6. veku, a predstavljaju kulturno-političke naslednike turkijskih naroda, koji su u 11. veku prodrli u Anatoliju, mešajući se postepeno sa ostalim narodima u tom delu sveta: Arapima na jugu i jugozapadu Persijancima na jugoistoku Grcima na zapadu, Jermenima i Kurdima na istoku, Gruzinima na severoistoku, a delom i sa Slovenima na jugoistoku Evrope. Mešanje je bilo toliko izraženo da današnji Turci nemaju antropološke sličnosti sa originalnim Turcima koji su pripadali istočnoazijskoj ljudskoj zajednici, već se fizički uopšte ne razlikuju od ostalih Evropljana i stanovnika jugozapadne Azije.

Rasprostranjenost

Turaka ukupno ima oko 67.000.000, od toga u Turskoj oko 61.500.000, u Nemačkoj 2.800.000, Bugarskoj 508.000, Holandiji 308.000 i na Kipru 150.000. Turci su većinsko stanovništvo (96%) u Turskoj Republici Severni Kipar, faktički nezavisnoj državi na severnoj trećini Republike Kipar, čiju nezavisnost nije priznala nijedna država osim Turske.

Današnja Turska ne priznaje samo Turke kao svoje državljane, već se isto tako diči svojom jakom dijasporom, ali i „etničkim Turcima“ (Turcima u etničkom smislu), koji su u stvari regionalna manjina.

Turska kolonizacija

Otkako su se doselili iz Azije kao nomadsko pleme i stupili u službu ikonijskog sultana, s pravom da uživaju teritoriju u blizini vizantijske granice na Mramornom moru, pa do sredine XIV veka, Turci su se od nepoželjnih pljačkaša pretvorili u opasnu osvajačku silu. Nazvani Osmanlije, po svom poglavici Osmanu, umešali su se u vizantijske sukobe, proširili teritoriju i 1354. zakoračili na Balkansko poluostrvo. Slabost balkanskih gospodara omogućila im je da ubrzo zahvate šire područje, prestonicu prenesu u Jedrene i u raseljena naselja dovedu svoj turski živalj. Iz novih uporišta sada su mogli da provaljuju u bugarske, grčke i srpske zemlje, pa i dalje čak do Beča i šire svoj kulturni uticaj.

Anadolija

Nakon slabljenja Rumskog sultanata 1299. godine Osman I se konačno dočepao nezavisnih teritorija na rubu područja u Anadoliji koje je bilo pod vlašću raznih nezavisnih turskih poglavica koji su tu naneti prodorom rumskog sultanata u unutrašnjost poluostrva. Turci su ipak više podsticali Turkifikaciju u Maloj Aziji, ali je ipak bilo i premeštanja stanovništva iz većinski turskog i iranskog istočnog dela u predominantno grčki zapad. Ono na šta su se Turci pogotovo oslanjali bilo je premeštanje stanovništva nakon kog bi usledio mešoviti brak, iz kog bi dete bilo turske etničke pripadnosti (jer nacije nisu postojale sve do Francuske revolucije) i islamske veroispovesti što je stara tradicija Seldžučkog sultanata. Turci su takođe potiskivali Romeje (Grke) na priobalni deo poluostrva ili van Male Azije uopšte, ali je tu ipak ostao veliki deo stanovništva sve do razmene življa koje je usledilo između Grčke i Turske nakon Prvog svetskog rata. Bajazit II 1487. konačno osvaja Karamanidski bejlik čime Anadolija po prvi put pada u Osmanske ruke u celosti. Turci se i nisu preterano fokusirali na kolonizaciju istočnog dela carstva sa kurdskom etničkom većinom, ali su oduvek gajili mržnju prema Jermenima koje su skoro istrebili.

Balkan

Već po prodoru u Trakiju i osvajanju Jedrenja 1362. godine i postavljanja grada za prestonicu 1363. godine pod Muradom I otpočelo je preseljavanje Turaka iz azijskog dela carstva u sam grad i njegovu okolinu. Ovo je u stvari bio najveći pokušaj kolonizacije sproveden od strane centralne osmanlijske vlasti. Nakon osvajanja Bosne krenulo je obimnije naseljavanje etničkih Turaka na Balkan. Baš ovo je razlog velikog broja Turaka u Bugarskoj, Severnoj Makedoniji, Grčkoj i Albaniji, dok su iz Srbije većina njih proterana (isključujući Kosovo i Metohiju na kojima se nalaze u velikom broju).

Galerija

• 
  Turci u Turskoj
• 
  Turska Republika Severni Kipar
• 
  Turci u Bugarskoj
• 
  Turci u Grčkoj
• 
  Turci u Srbiji (na Kosovu) 2011. godine

• 
  Ljudi na Anafartalar Bulevaru u Ankari pedesetih godina
• 
  Turski starac i njegova unuka
• 
  Turske žene

Vidi još

• Turkijski narodi

Napomene

* ^ Republika Kosovo (alb. Republika e Kosovës) jednostrano je proglašena država na teritoriji Republike Srbije, protivno Ustavu Srbije i Rezoluciji 1244 Saveta bezbednosti Ujedinjenih nacija. Prema Rezoluciji 1244, cela teritorija Kosova i Metohije, pravno gledano, nalazi se u sastavu Srbije dok ne bude postignuto konačno rešenje. Srbija ne priznaje jednostrano otcepljenje, po međunarodnom pravu, njene teritorije, preciznije autonomne pokrajine pod privremenom upravom Ujedinjenih nacija (UNMIK). Vlada sa sedištem u Prištini ima defakto vlast nad većinom teritorije, dok pojedine strukture Srbije funkcionišu na severu i u srpskim enklavama.

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Spoljašnje veze

• Mediji vezani za članak Turci na Vikimedijinoj ostavi