Fluor

Fluor
	tečni fluor, pri ekstremno niskoj temperaturi
Opšta svojstva
Ime, simbol	fluor, F
Alotropi	alfa, beta
Izgled	gas: vrlo bledo žut; tečnost: svetla žuta; čvrst: alfa je neproziran, beta je proziran
U periodnome sistemu
kiseonik ← fluor → neon	‍
Atomski broj (Z)	9
Grupa, perioda	grupa 17 (halogeni), perioda 2
Blok	p-blok
Kategorija	diatomski nemetal
Rel. at. masa (Ar)	18,998403163(6)
El. konfiguracija
po ljuskama	2, 7
Fizička svojstva
Tačka topljenja	53,48 K (−219,67 °‍C, −363,41 °F)
Tačka ključanja	85,03 K (−188,11 °‍C, −306,60 °F)
Gustina na STP (0 °‍C i 101,325 kPa)	1,696 g/L
tečno st., na t.k.	1,505 g/cm3
Trojna tačka	53,48 K, 90 kPa
Kritična tačka	144,41 K, 5,1724 MPa
Toplota isparavanja	6,51 kJ/mol
Mol. topl. kapacitet	Cp: 31 J/(mol·K) (na 21,1 °C); Cv: 23 J/(mol·K) (na 21,1 °C)
Atomska svojstva
Elektronegativnost	3,98
Energije jonizacije	1: 1681 kJ/mol ; 2: 3374 kJ/mol ; 3: 6147 kJ/mol ; (ostale)
Kovalentni radijus	64 pm
Valsov radijus	135 pm
	Spektralne linije
Ostalo
Kristalna struktura	kubična
Topl. vodljivost	0,02591 W/(m·K)
Magnetni raspored	dijamagnetičan (−1,2×10−4)
CAS broj	7782-41-4
Istorija
Imenovanje	po mineralu fluoritu, koji je dobio ime po latinskoj reči fluo (teći, u topljenju)
Otkriće	Andre-Mari Amper (1810)
Prva izolacija	Anri Moasan (26. jun 1886)
Imenovanje i eponim	Hamfri Dejvi
Glavni izotopi
ε (3%)	18O
	reference • Vikipodaci

Fluor je hemijski element koji se u sobnim uslovima pojavljuje kao gas žuto-zelene boje. On je najreaktivniji od svih elemenata. Direktno reaguje na sve metale i nemetale. Vodu razlaže gradeći fluorovodonik, HF.

Reaktivnost fluora bila je dugo godina prepreka za njegovo dobijanje u elementarnom stanju. Danas se fluor industrijski dobija elektrolizom istopljenog kalijum-fluorida na anhidrovanom fluorovodoniku. U prirodi se fluor nalazi u vidu jedinjenja sa oksidacionim brojem -1 i to najčešće u vidu fluorita, CaF₂, i karnalita, Na₃AlF₆. Tragovi jedinjenja fluora nalaze se u morskoj vodi, kostima, zubima, krvi i mleku. Fluorovi derivati metana i etana su veoma slabi otrovi za razliku od ostalih jedinjenja fluora te se zbog svoje velike inertnosti upotrebljavaju u rashladnim uređajima pod nazivom freon. Fluor se koristi i za sintezu uranheksafluorida koji se primenjuje u izradi nuklearnog oružja.

Reference

^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). „Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265—291. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ ^a ^b ^v ^g Haynes 2011, str. 4.121.
^ ^a ^b Jaccaud et al. 2000, str. 382.
^ ^a ^b ^v Compressed Gas Association 1999, str. 365.
^ ^a ^b ^v Jaccaud et al. 2000, str. 381.
^ Dean 1999, str. 4.6.
^ Dean 1999, str. 4.35.
^ Matsui 2006, str. 257.
^ Yaws & Braker 2001, str. 385.
^ Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, str. 72.
^ Cheng et al. 1999.
^ Chisté & Bé 2011.

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Spoljašnje veze

PRWeb (28. 10. 2010). „Global Fluorochemicals Market to Exceed 2.6 Million Tons by 2015, According to a New Report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc.”. prweb.com. Arhivirano iz originala 31. 07. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
PRWeb (23. 2. 2012). „Global Fluorspar Market to Reach 5.94 Million Metric Tons by 2017, According to New Report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc.”. prweb.com. Arhivirano iz originala 31. 07. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
PRWeb (7. 4. 2013). „Fluoropolymers Market is Poised to Grow at a CAGR of 6.5% & to Reach $9,446.0 Million by 2016 – New report by MarketsandMarkets”. prweb.com. Arhivirano iz originala 31. 07. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; et al. (2016). „Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265—291. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[FOOTNOTEHaynes20114.121-2] v ^g Haynes 2011, str. 4.121.

[FOOTNOTEJaccaud_et_al.2000382-3] Jaccaud et al. 2000, str. 382.

[FOOTNOTECompressed_Gas_Association1999365-4] v Compressed Gas Association 1999, str. 365.

[FOOTNOTEJaccaud_et_al.2000381-5] v Jaccaud et al. 2000, str. 381.

[FOOTNOTEDean19994.6-6] Dean 1999, str. 4.6.

[FOOTNOTEDean19994.35-7] Dean 1999, str. 4.35.

[FOOTNOTEMatsui2006257-8] Matsui 2006, str. 257.

[FOOTNOTEYawsBraker2001385-9] Yaws & Braker 2001, str. 385.

[FOOTNOTEMackayMackayHenderson200272-10] Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, str. 72.

[FOOTNOTECheng_et_al.1999-11] Cheng et al. 1999.

[FOOTNOTEChistéBé2011-12] Chisté & Bé 2011.

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