Флуор
Флуор је хемијски елемент који се у собним условима појављује као гас жуто-зелене боје. Он је најреактивнији од свих елемената. Директно реагује на све метале и неметале. Воду разлаже градећи флуороводоник, HF.
![]() течни флуор, при екстремно ниској температури | ||||||||||||||||||
Општа својства | ||||||||||||||||||
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Име, симбол | флуор, F | |||||||||||||||||
Алотропи | алфа, бета | |||||||||||||||||
Изглед | гас: врло бледо жут течност: светла жута чврст: алфа је непрозиран, бета је прозиран | |||||||||||||||||
У периодном систему | ||||||||||||||||||
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Атомски број (Z) | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
Група, периода | група 17 (халогени), периода 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Блок | p-блок | |||||||||||||||||
Категорија | диатомски неметал | |||||||||||||||||
Рел. ат. маса (Ar) | 18,998403163(6)[1] | |||||||||||||||||
Ел. конфигурација | ||||||||||||||||||
по љускама | 2, 7 | |||||||||||||||||
Физичка својства | ||||||||||||||||||
Тачка топљења | 53,48 K (−219,67 °C, −363,41 °F)[2] | |||||||||||||||||
Тачка кључања | 85,03 K (−188,11 °C, −306,60 °F)[2] | |||||||||||||||||
Густина на СТП (0 °C и 101,325 kPa) | 1,696 g/L[3] | |||||||||||||||||
течно ст., на т.к. | 1,505 g/cm3[4] | |||||||||||||||||
Тројна тачка | 53,48 K, 90 kPa[2] | |||||||||||||||||
Критична тачка | 144,41 K, 5,1724 MPa[2] | |||||||||||||||||
Топлота испаравања | 6,51 kJ/mol[3] | |||||||||||||||||
Мол. топл. капацитет | Cp: 31 J/(mol·K)[4] (на 21,1 °C) Cv: 23 J/(mol·K)[4] (на 21,1 °C) | |||||||||||||||||
Напон паре
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Атомска својства | ||||||||||||||||||
Електронегативност | 3,98[5] | |||||||||||||||||
Енергије јонизације | 1: 1681 kJ/mol 2: 3374 kJ/mol 3: 6147 kJ/mol (остале)[6] | |||||||||||||||||
Ковалентни радијус | 64 pm[7] | |||||||||||||||||
Валсов радијус | 135 pm[8] | |||||||||||||||||
Спектралне линије | ||||||||||||||||||
Остало | ||||||||||||||||||
Кристална структура | кубична | |||||||||||||||||
Топл. водљивост | 0,02591 W/(m·K)[9] | |||||||||||||||||
Магнетни распоред | дијамагнетичан (−1,2×10−4)[10][11] | |||||||||||||||||
CAS број | 7782-41-4[5] | |||||||||||||||||
Историја | ||||||||||||||||||
Именовање | по минералу флуориту, који је добио име по латинској речи fluo (тећи, у топљењу) | |||||||||||||||||
Откриће | Андре-Мари Ампер (1810) | |||||||||||||||||
Прва изолација | Анри Моасан[5] (26. јун 1886) | |||||||||||||||||
Именовање и епоним | Хамфри Дејви | |||||||||||||||||
Главни изотопи[12] | ||||||||||||||||||
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Реактивност флуора била је дуго година препрека за његово добијање у елементарном стању. Данас се флуор индустријски добија електролизом истопљеног калијум-флуорида на анхидрованом флуороводонику. У природи се флуор налази у виду једињења са оксидационим бројем -1 и то најчешће у виду флуорита, CaF2, и карналита, Na3AlF6. Трагови једињења флуора налазе се у морској води, костима, зубима, крви и млеку. Флуорови деривати метана и етана су веома слаби отрови за разлику од осталих једињења флуора те се због своје велике инертности употребљавају у расхладним уређајима под називом фреон. Флуор се користи и за синтезу уранхексафлуорида који се примењује у изради нуклеарног оружја.
РеференцеУреди
- ^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). „Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265—291. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ а б в г Haynes 2011, p. 4.121.
- ^ а б Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 382.
- ^ а б в Compressed Gas Association 1999, p. 365.
- ^ а б в Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
- ^ Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
- ^ Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
- ^ Matsui 2006, p. 257.
- ^ Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
- ^ Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
- ^ Cheng et al. 1999.
- ^ Chisté & Bé 2011.
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Спољашње везеУреди
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- PRWeb (7. 4. 2013). „Fluoropolymers Market is Poised to Grow at a CAGR of 6.5% & to Reach $9,446.0 Million by 2016 – New report by MarketsandMarkets”. prweb.com. Приступљено 24. 10. 2013.